Carl Rogers' theory is crudely offered in picture form, with incorporation of 'Presence', 'Relational Depth' and 'Configurations of Self'. I hope you will offer constructive feedback that will lead to further development and refinement of the presentation.

1. A Theory of Personality and Behaviour Rogers, C. R. (1951) Client-Centred Therapy. Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London: Constable & Robinson Ltd. pp.483-524. Note: Roger’s propositions are numbered 1-19 with additional slides for further explanation and integration of Presence, Relational Depth & Configurations of self. Presentation formulated by Simon Riley, 2010, Revised Ed. 2011

2. 1. Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he is the centre. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience Slide: 1

3. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience phenomenal field / experiential field A unique individual All experience: unconscious – largely. conscious – symbolised when satisfying a need. conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 1a

4. 2. The organism reacts to the field as it is experienced and perceived. This perceptual field is, for the individual, “reality.” ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience perception my reality conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 2

5. A Map Organismic Need of Safety: a comparison of perceptions – adding them together, testing and retesting = reliable guides & assumptions – a dependant hypothesis. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience perception my reality conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 2a

6. A Map When the map changes – behaviour changes. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience perception my reality conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 2b

7. 3. The organism reacts as an integral whole to his phenomenal field. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 3

8. my basic tendency perception my reality 4. The organism has one basic tendency and striving – to actualise, and enhance the experiencing organism. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 4

9. my basic tendency perception my reality Core condition: Unconditional Positive Regard demonstrates non-judgmental attitude and prizing. Trusting in this natural basic tendency of all beings, secures the therapist in this attitude. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience Therapist trusts in unconditional positive regard Slide: 4a

10. behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality my basic tendency perception my reality 5. Behaviour is basically the goal-directed attempt of the organism to satisfy its needs as experienced, in the field as perceived. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience Slide: 5

11. enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited my basic tendency perception my reality 6. Emotion accompanies and in general facilitates such goal-directed behaviour, the kind of emotion being related to the seeking versus consummatory aspects of the behaviour, and the intensity of the emotion being related to the perceived significance of the behaviour for the maintenance and enhancement of the organism. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion Slide: 6

12. my basic tendency perception my reality 7. The best vantage point for understanding behaviour is from the internal frame of reference of the individual himself. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion (internal frame of reference) Slide: 7

13. my basic tendency perception my reality In order for the client to understand their needs, the therapist empathises with the client’s internal frame of reference from reflecting the emotions linked to behaviours. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance conscious experience unconscious experience Therapist empathy enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion (internal frame of reference) Slide: 7a

14. my basic tendency 8. A portion of the total perceptual field gradually becomes differentiated as the self. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance the SELF I MYSELF conscious experience unconscious experience perception my reality ME enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion (internal frame of reference) Slide: 8

17. my basic tendency 9. As a result of interaction with the environment and particularly as a result of evaluational interaction with others, the structure of self is formed – an organised, fluid, but consistent conceptual pattern of perceptions of characteristics of the “I” or the “me” together with values attached to these concepts. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system conditions of worth conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion (internal frame of reference) Slide: 9

18. my basic tendency 10. The values attached to experiences, and the values which are a part of the self structure, in some instances are values experienced directly by the organism, and in some instances are values introjected or taken over from others, but perceived in distorted fashion, as if they had been experienced directly. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion (internal frame of reference) Slide: 10

19. 11. As experiences occur in the life of the individual, they are either (a) symbolised, perceived, and organised into some relationship to the self, (b) ignored because there is no perceived relationship to the self-structure, (c) denied symbolisation or given a distorted symbolisation because the experience is inconsistent with the structure of self. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality >relative< emotion my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) Slide: 11

20. behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality my basic tendency 12. Most of the ways of behaving which are adopted by the organism are those which are consistent with the concept of self. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF (internal frame of reference) Slide: 12

21. my basic tendency non-symbolisation of organic need 13. Behaviour may, in some instances, be brought about by organic experiences and needs which have not been symbolised. Such behaviour may be inconsistent with the structure of the self, but in such instances the behaviour is not” owned” by the individual. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience behaviour fulfills this need as seen through my reality enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 13

22. non-symbolisation of organic need 14. Psychological maladjustment exists when the organism denies to awareness significant sensory and visceral experiences, which consequently are not symbolised and organised into the gestalt of the self-structure. When this situation exists, there is a basic or potential psychological tension. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 14

23. non-symbolisation of organic need 15. Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of self is such that all sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the self concept. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 15

24. non-symbolisation of organic need 16. Any experience which is inconsistent with the organisation or structure of self may be perceived as a threat, and the more of these perceptions there are, the more rigidly the self-structure is organised to maintain itself. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension threat conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Who I think I am + value system Slide: 16

25. Who I think I am + value system non-symbolisation of organic need 17. Under certain conditions, involving primarily complete absence of any threat to the self-structure, experiences which are inconsistent with it may be perceived, and examined, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension threat Therapy inconsistent experiences perceive & examine restructure no threat conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 17

26. The therapist prizes the client, therefore the client feels no threats and so has no need to put up defences. The client then has the opportunity to re-symbolise and accept experiences to suit their self-concept consistent with their organismic needs – psychological adjustment. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension threat Therapist unconditional positive regard psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid Slide: 17a

27. Who I think I am + value system Through an internal congruence from the counsellor, a trust in the actualising tendency, prizing of the client and a listening at the client’s depth of perception a presence where two people meet may be achieved. With the client’s openess to experience this, a relational depth may be reached where therapeutic change occurs. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system Therapy inconsistent experiences perceive & examine restructure conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid Slide: 17b my basic tendency trust congruence defences – anxiety, denial / distortion client opens to experience therapist empathy & prizing

28. less defences = individuality of self & others non-symbolisation of organic need 18. When the individual perceives and accepts into one consistent and integrated system all his sensory and visceral experiences, then he is necessarily more understanding of others and is more accepting of others as separate individuals. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) real organism experience ignored defences – anxiety, denial / distortion accepted (symbolised) unconscious behaviour non-symbolisation of experience psychological maladjustment psychological tension threat Therapy inconsistent experiences perceive & examine restructure no threat conscious experience unconscious experience psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 18

29. 19. As the individual perceives and accepts into his self-structure more of his organic experiences, he finds that he is replacing his present value system – based so largely upon introjections which have been distortedly symbolised – with a continuing organismic valuing process. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) perception my reality the SELF I ME MYSELF Who I think I am + value system conditions of worth introjects (distorted as real) accepted (symbolised) psychological adjustment self concept & organismic needs - fluid Therapy inconsistent experiences perceive & examine restructure no threat less defences = individuality of self & others real organism experience organismic valuing process conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 19

30. The fully-functioning person. ORGANISM Continually changing world of experience physical & psychological maintain a balance my basic tendency (internal frame of reference) the SELF I ME MYSELF real organism experience conscious experience unconscious experience enjoying = calm & satisfied seeking = unpleasant/ excited >relative< emotion behaviour fulfills tendency as seen through my reality – consistent with the SELF Slide: 19a