1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 31 Digestive Systems and Nutrition

2. Animals Must Obtain and Process Their Food 31-

4. Figure 31.1A The four phases of digestion 31-

5. Figure 31.1B Chemical digestion 31-

7. Figure 31.2A A great blue heron, a bulk feeder 31-

8. Figure 31.2B Baleen whale, a filer feeder 31-

11. Figure 31.3A Incomplete digestive tract of a planarian 31-

12. Figure 31.3B Complete digestive tract of an earthworm 31-

13. Figure 31.3C Complete digestive tract of a bird 31-

15. Figure 31.3D A ruminant’s stomach 31-

16. Figure 31.3E Digestive tract of a carnivore compared to a ruminant herbivore 31-

18. Figure 31.4A The human digestive tract 31-

19. Figure 31.4B Adult teeth 31-

21. Figure 31.5A Swallowing 31-

22. Figure 31.5B Peristalsis, a rhythmic progressive wave of muscular contraction, pushes the food bolus along the digestive tract 31-

24. Figure 31.6 Anatomy of the stomach wall 31-

27. Figure 31.8A Anatomy of the wall of the small intestine 31-

28. Figure 31.8B Digestion and absorption of nutrients 31-

30. Figure 31.9 Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas 31-

32. Figure 31.10 Hormones that help regulate the digestion of food 31-

34. Good Nutrition and Diet Lead to Better Health 31-

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37. Figure 31.12 Fiber-rich foods 31-

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45. APPLYING THE CONCEPTS—HOW BIOLOGY IMPACTS OUR LIVES 31.17 Nutritional labels allow evaluation of a food’s content 31-

47. Figure 31.18A Exercising for good health 31-

48. Figure 31.18B Foods high in trans fats 31-

50. Figure 31.19A Anorexia nervosa patients think they are fat, even though they are thin 31-

51. Figure 31.19B Bulimia nervosa is characterized by occasional binge eating followed by purging 31-

52. Figure 31.19C Muscle dysmorphia is also characterized by a distorted body image 31-