This presentation was designed for natural resource professionals and conservation staff to learn about some of the newest invasive plant and animal threats on the island of Maui. This presentation was originally presented by NBII Pacific Basin Information Node and the Maui Invasive Species Committee to the the West Maui Watershed Partnership on August 14, 2008

1. Be Maui’s “Eyes and Ears” Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Maui Elizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information Node Lyssa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee Pacific Basin Information Node https://pbin.nbii.gov

3. An invasive species is... An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Exec. Order 13112)‏ Not all alien plant species are invasive. Not all invasive plants are alien.

4. Area Time # of individuals Introduction (Lag time)‏ Colonization Naturalization EARLY DETECTION/ RAPID REPSONSE PREVENTION MANAGEMENT RESTORATION Phases of Invasion and Associated Control Strategies

5. When is eradication of pest plants a realistic goal? M. Rejmánek and M. J. Pitcairn, 2002 Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species

6. “ The easiest, least expensive, and most successful control programs are those that have detected the invader early.”

7. From: EXPERIMENTAL ERADICATIONS OF POTENTIALLY INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAII, 2006 Forest Starr, Kim Starr1, and Lloyd L. Loope Residential Naturalized .01 1 Island Yes Verbascum thapsus Residential Naturalized .1 1 Local No Sideroxylon persimile Wildland Naturalized 1+ 5 Island No Pittosporum viridiflorum Wildland Cultivated .01 1 Local Yes Morella faya Wildland Naturalized .1 2 Island No Morella cerifera Residential Not sure .001 1 Island Yes Melastoma sanguineum Residential Cultivated .01 1 Island Yes Maclura pomifera Residential Cultivated .01 2 Local Yes Macaranga tanarius Residential Cultivated .0001 2 Island Yes Macaranga mappa Residential Not sure .01 1 Local Yes Caesalpinia decapetala Residential Naturalized .1 1 Island Yes Acacia retinodes Residential Cultivated .01 3 Island No Acacia podalyriifolia Residential Not Sure 1+ 3 Island No Acacia mangium Residential Not sure 1+ 3 Island No Acacia auriculiformis Land Use Status Acreage Locations Scale Control-led? Scientific Name

8. Method of introduction of the 1150 non-native species in California How do they get here? Nursery Growers Voluntary Codes of Conduct Hawaii Weed Risk Assessments forage, feed, erosion control ornamental seed contaminant unknown aquarium

12. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Dark green leaves (C. jubata)‏ Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way! Narrow bluish-green leaves (C. selloana)‏

15. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

17. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

18. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

19. Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Grows in a bunch

21. Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Red flowers shaped like a bottle-cleaning brush

23. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Fountain Grass LOOK-ALIKE! Red Fountain Grass (Pennisetum macrostachyum)‏ Molasses grass (Melinus minutiflora)‏

24. Ivy Gourd Coccinia grandis Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! - Star shaped flowers - Red Fruit 1-3 in long

26. Ivy Gourd Coccinia grandis Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Variable leaves

28. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Ivy Gourd LOOK-ALIKE! Bitter melon (Momordica charantia)‏

31. Rubber Vine Cryptostegia spp. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

32. Rubber Vine Cryptostegia spp. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

34. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Rubber Vine LOOK-ALIKE! Purple Alamanda (Allamanda violacea)‏ Brazilian jasmine (Mandevilla sanderi)‏

35. Coqui ( Eleutherodactylus coqui )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

36. Coqui ( Eleutherodactylus coqui )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

37. Coqui ( Eleutherodactylus coqui )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

41. Coqui LOOK ALIKE! Greenhouse frog ( Eleutherodactylus planirostris )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

42. Coqui ( Eleutherodactylus coqui )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

48. Coqui LOOK ALIKE! Greenhouse frog ( Eleutherodactylus planirostris )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

49. Bulbul New non-native birds Red-vented Bulbul Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Pycnonotus cafer

50. New non-native birds Red-vented Bulbul Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

51. Yellow-billed cardinal New non-native birds Yellow-billed cardinal Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Paroaria capitata

52. Yellow-billed cardinal LOOK-ALIKE! Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Yellow-billed Paroaria capitata Red crested Paroaria coronota

53. Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

54. LFA Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

55. Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

56. Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

57. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tropical fire ant ( Solenopsis geminata ) 3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

58. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tetramorium ant ( Tetramorium simillimum )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

59. LFA Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

60. Pig blinded from LFA bites LFA Impacts: Quality of life, agriculture, and ecological Entire colony of LFA in a Macadamia nutshell Cacao tree infested with LFA Fire ant bites

61. LFA Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

62. Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

63. Location of Survey: (Example- 123 Olinda Rd., Makawao, HI, makai side of garden) Date (month, date, year): Collector Name and affliliation: Collector Phone #: Observations: Did the ant sting? Is ant slow or fast? Are nests visible? Finding LFA Peanut butter traps Finding LFA Peanut butter traps 1) Peanut butter chopstick bait 2) Leave for 2 hours in area that you suspect LFA 3) Carefully place ant covered chopstick in ziplock with label 4) Freeze ants overnight 4) Take your ant sample to HDOA at the airport or call MISC 573-PEST to arrange for a pick-up.

64. Finding LFA Places you might find LFA Waysides New Landscaping Nurseries/ Fruit Stands Shipments from infested areas of Big Island

65. Don’t Forget! Do Not Apply Pesticide- let someone know!

66. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tropical fire ant ( Solenopsis geminata ) 3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

67. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tetramorium ant ( Tetramorium simillimum ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

68. Alien algaes Alien Algaes Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

69. supersucker Alien Algaes Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! SUPER SUCKER

70. Gorilla ogo Alien Algaes: Gorilla Ogo ( Gracilaria saliconria )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

71. Gorilla ogo Alien Algaes: Gorilla Ogo ( Gracilaria saliconria )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

72. Gorilla ogo Alien Algaes: Gorilla Ogo ( Gracilaria saliconria )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

73. Gorilla ogo

74. Gorilla ogo look alike Gorilla Ogo LOOK ALIKE! Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Limu manauea (Gracilaria coronopifolia)‏

75. Gorilla ogo look alike Gorilla Ogo LOOK ALIKE! Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! limu wawae'iole (Codium edule)‏

76. kappaphychus Alien Algaes: ( Kappaphycus spp and Euchema denticulatum )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

77. kappaphychus Alien Algaes: ( Kappaphycus spp and Euchema denticulatum )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

78. kappaphychus Alien Algaes: ( Kappaphycus spp and Euchema denticulatum )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

79. kappaphychus Alien Algaes ( Kappaphycus spp)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

80. kappap look alike Kappa-carrageenan LOOK ALIKE! Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Hypnea musciformis

81. kappap look alike Kappa-carrageenan LOOK ALIKE! Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Acanthophora spicifera

83. Don’t Be a Vector!

85. BECOME MAUI’S EYES AND EARS!

86. WWW.REPORTAPEST.ORG

88. Spread the Word, Not the Weed! Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information Node, espeith@usgs.gov, 984-3716 Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, miscpr@hawaii.edu, 573-MISC