1. Mr. Amey Patel.
S. B. M. Polytechnic.

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Working Of Hybrid Vehicle
 Regenerative Braking
 History
 Present
 Pros & Cons Of Hybrid Vehicles
 Scope

3. Introduction.
 HYBRID means combination of two.
VIZ. I.C. Engine and Electric Motor.
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s)
 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV’s)

4. Working
 Basic Components.
 Acceleration.
 City driving.
 Highway Driving
 Driving up a
gradient.

5. Regenerative Braking
 A regenerative brake is an energy
recovery mechanism
 Converts Kinetic energy into Electrical form.
 While braking, it absorbs 80% of kinetic energy.

6. History
 1st hybrid car was made by Porsche in 1898.
 A 3.5 horsepower in which the small gasoline engine
was mated to an electric motor in 1900.
 In 1916, Woods claimed that their hybrid reached a
top speed of 35 mph and achieved fuel efficiency of 48
mpg.
 Dr. Baruch Berman, Dr. George H. Gelb and Dr. Neal
A. Richardson developed, demonstrated and patented
the Hybrid Power train.
 In 1976, General Electric was chosen to construct a
parallel-hybrid sedan, and Toyota built its first hybrid.

7. Present
A number of cars are launched after year 2000 listed as
follows:
 Toyota Prius (4 Door Sedan).
 Honda civic hybrid.
 Ford hybrid escape (1st hybrid SUV).
Many of major automakers like Toyota, Lexus,
Porsche, Mercedes, Honda etc are launching hybrid
models in the market.

8. Pros Of Hybrid Systems
 Lowered environmental impact.
 Less noise pollution.
 Increased Efficiency.
 Durable & Reliable.
 Less Maintenance.

9. Cons Of Hybrid Systems
 Costly.
 Heavy weight of batteries.
 Availability of charging stations.

10. Scope
 Regenerative braking actually makes city driving more
economical than on the highway.
 Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).
 Emissions are greatly decreased.
 Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.
 Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.
 Concern for environment is increasing among people.