2. Overview
Introduction
Brief history
Components
Configurations of HEVs
Advantages
Advanced technologies
Auto Expo 2012
Conclusion
References
3. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
combines a conventional internal combustion
engine (ICE) propulsion system with an
electric propulsion system. i.e. it consists of
an internal combustion engine (ICE) with one
or more electric motors.
4. uses two or more distinct power sources to
move the vehicle.
Power sources for hybrid vehicles include
fossil fuels, solar energy, wind energy, liquid
nitrogen, hydrogen or compressed natural
gas
Hybrid Vehicle
5. History of HEVs
In 1899 Dr. Ferdinand Porsche ,an engineer
of Jacob Lohner & Co. invented first Hybrid
Electric Vehicle.
The hybrid technology was mainly utilized
in developing diesel-electric submarines.
First modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota
Prius , was introduced in Japan in 1997
In India, the first HEV was launched by
Honda Motors Co. on June 18,2008.
7. Components....
Power split device- Power split device is a gearbox
that hooks the gasoline engine, generator and electric
motor together
Internal combustion engine - an engine in which
combustion of a fuel occurs with air in a combustion
chamber. The expansion of high-temperature and high
pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct
force to piston or some component which start moving,
transforming chemical energy of fuel into useful
mechanical energy.
8. 1. STARTING AND LOW
SPEED
For the initial
acceleration or low speed
driving, electric motor
uses the electricity from
the battery to power the
vehicle
Working of HEVs
10. 3.BRAKING
The energy from
wheels turns the motor
in the reverse
direction, converting
energy normally
wasted during breaking
into electricity, which
get stored in battery.
11. STOPPED
Many hybrid vehicles
conserve fuel by
incorporating an
automatic start shut-
off system. When
vehicle is stopped
such as at red light,
gasoline engine shut
off automatically so
that fuel is not wasted
in idling.
12. Configurations
No mechanical
connection between
engine and wheels,
only electrical motor
drives the wheels
series HEVs require
smaller combustion
engine but heavier
battery packs than
parallel vehicles.
Series HEV
13. Parallel HEV
Both engine and
motor are directly
connected to wheels
Parallel hybrids are
more efficient than
series type because
both the engine and
motor can work
independently or
together.
14. Advantages
It is believed the over one-third of carbon emissions
that are affecting our environment are produced by
vehicles. Hybrid vehicles can reduce these carbon
emissions by 50%.
Greater fuel efficiency and better mileage because
hybrids consume significantly less fuel than
conventional vehicles
Decrease our dependence on fossil fuels
Lighter engines because HEV engines can be sized
to accommodate average load, not peak load
Though we are using an IC engine of about 30-40%
efficiency, the motors and generators we use are
about 70-85% efficient .This may bring the overall
efficiency up to 50-70%.
15. TECHNOLOGIES
Regenerative Breaking
introduced by Erich Gaichen , German
inventor in 1931
It is still being used in modern hybrid
vehicles. This enhanced technology
recaptures energy lost through braking
and decelerating. This recaptured energy
is stored in a battery pack as electricity.
16. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Batteries can also be recharged by using an external
power source, such as a home electrical outlet
They travel some distance usually 10-40 miles on
electric motor. Then they run on engine . Even before
the battery is depleted, the gasoline engine may be
called on to provide additional power for recharging
the battery, accelerating or passing.
A PHEV 30, means the vehicle could travel 30 miles
on all-electric mode.
Batteries can recharge in just 3 hrs at 120V and 1.5
hrs at 240V.
18. Auto Expo 2012: Focus on
hybrid vehicles
Peugeot ,French automobile manufacturer came to the
Expo for the first time with its hybrid car 3008
Volvo showcased a hybrid bus for the inter-city
transport segment
Volkswagen showcased its XL1 diesel hybrid concept
model at the event, which successfully attracted
majority of spectators because of its stylish looks also
Hero Moto Corp., revealed a hybrid scooter, called
Lead
19. Current Models of HEVs
Toyota Prius
Honda Civic Hybrid
Toyota Camry
Toyota Highlander
Chevrolet Tahoe
Volvo
BMW Active Hybrid 7
Porsche Panamera S
Hybrid
Buick Regal Hybrid
Saturn Vue Hybrid
Honda Accord Hybrid
Nissan
Ford Escape
Ford Fusion
GMC Silverado
Lexus RX 450 H
Mercedes
20. Conclusion
Hybrid electric vehicles are not the only option for
moving towards the green technology, but it may well
emerge as a serious candidate among the various
options.
Although basic technology has been developed great
deal of research work is needed to bring them for
commercialization. Research is being carried out for
better batteries having low cost ,high energy densities
and high life expectancy.
Basic infrastructure for running these vehicles and Govt.
support is also required.
Its true that hybrid electric vehicles are expensive but its
much smaller than the costs of global warming, climate
change.
21. REFERENCES
“Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)“- by Energy Efficiency And
Renewable Energy,U.S. Department of Energy
<http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/technologies/system
s/hybrid_electric_vehicles.html>
“Vehicle System Analysis” by National Renewable Energy
Laboratory
<http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/vsa/pubs_hevs.html>
“Introducing Hybrid Technologies “ by National Alternative Fuels
Training Consortium headquartered at West Virginia eNews,
<http://naftcenews.wvu.edu/naftc_enews/2005/07/05/introducing-
hybrid-technologies>
“why-we-need-hybrid-cars” by Electro Velocity
<http://electrovelocity.com/2010/06/25/why-we-need-hybrid-cars>
“How Hybrid Cars Work” by Karim ,Nice and Julia Layton
<http://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.html>
“Hybrid Electric Vehicle Basics” by Alternative Fuels And Advanced
Vehicles Data Centre, U.S. Department Of Energy,
<http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/electricbasics_hev.html>
