1) Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of air molecules, with higher temperatures indicating faster moving molecules. Different temperature scales are discussed, including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. 2) Heat is the transfer of energy that changes an object's temperature, with specific heat referring to the amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature. Water has a specific heat of 1.0. 3) Latent heat is the energy required for phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas, such as melting or evaporation. Latent heat drives thunderstorms and hurricanes.