1. CONDITIONALS

2. CONDITIONAL CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE EXAMPLES
FIRST CONDITIONAL
if
+ PRESENT SIMPLE
unless
FUTURE SIMPLE
MAY/MIGHT + base form
IMPERATIVE
-If I finish early, I will go to
the cinema with you.
-You will improve your
English, if you practice it.
-If she feels worse, she
may / might stay at home.
-Ask for permission, unless
you want to be punished.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
if
+ PAST SIMPLE
unless
WOULD
+ base form
COULD/MIGHT
-If I were in London, I
would visit Picadilly Circus.
-You could /might go on
holiday, if you had money.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
if
+ PAST PERFECT
unless
WOULD HAVE
+ past participle
COULD/MIGHT HAVE
-If I had arrived on time, I
would have seen you.
-You could /might have
visited us, if you had told
me.

3. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES uses
• 1st Conditional expresses what will happen if
the condition is accomplished.
• 2nd Conditional refers to the present, but it is
hypothetical (not very likeable to happen)
• 3rd Conditional has no condition, because it
refers to the past and the hypothesis can’t be
possible anymore.

4. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT…
• We can use UNLESS (if not) and the
affirmative clause.
– If you don’t study, you won’t pass = Unless you
study, you won’t pass.
• We usually use WERE in singular person; but
we must use WERE with the pronoun I, when
giving advice.
– If I were you, I would phone her.

5. TEMPORARY SENTENCES
• They make reference to the future. They are
done with 1st conditional: pr. simple; will. We
are not using if anymore: WHEN, BY THE TIME,
AS SOON AS…
– When I get home, I’ll send you an email.
– I will travel to Australia, as soon as I have enough
money.

6. WISH CLAUSES
FORM USES EXAMPLES
WISH
+ Past Simple
IF ONLY
Refers to a present
situation that the speaker
is unhappy about
If only I had a car.
He wishes his friends were
here now.
WISH
+Past Perfect
IF ONLY
Expresses regret about a
past action or situation.
If only I hadn’t lost my
mobile phone!
I wish he had called me.
WISH + could
If only +WOULD + base
form
Expresses a desire for
something to happen in
the future.
I wish I could go to
university.
I like Jack so much. If only
he would call me!

7. WISH CLAUSES
FORM USES EXAMPLES
WISH
+ Past Simple
IF ONLY
Refers to a present
situation that the speaker
is unhappy about
If only I had a car.
He wishes his friends were
here now.
WISH
+Past Perfect
IF ONLY
Expresses regret about a
past action or situation.
If only I hadn’t lost my
mobile phone!
I wish he had called me.
WISH + could
If only +WOULD + base
form
Expresses a desire for
something to happen in
the future.
I wish I could go to
university.
I like Jack so much. If only
he would call me!