4. MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO
• MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
• LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
• BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING
5. MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO
• MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
– To oblige or force someone to do something
My mother makes me eat broccoli every week
she doesn’t make me eat chips!
• LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
• to permit someone to do something
• My father lets me take his car during the week
but he doesn’t let me it during the weekends
• BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING
• To have permission to do something
• We are allowed to wear piercings in the school but
we are not alowed to bring the mobile phone
8. • They are composed by two parts
– 1. Expresses the condition (IF CLAUSE)
If you climb up that tree
– 2. Expresses the consequences
….you will fall
• There are 3 main types of conditional patterns
– I. PROBABLE condition
– II. IMPROBABLE condition
– III. IMAGINARY condition
Conditional sentences
9. FIRST CONDITIONAL
• Probable condition
• Probability 90%
• Remember they are composed by two parts
– If clause ( condition)
– Consequence
• First conditional structure
IF
WHEN
UNLESS
AS SOON AS
IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive
10. If you study hard you will pass your exams
The order can be changed and it can be used in
a positive and negative way
You will pass if you study hard
If you don’t study hard you won’t pass
You won’t pass if you don’t study hard
IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive
Remember that we never use the future
in the IF CLAUSE
11. USES
• First conditional are used to talk about future
actions and their consequences
If you don’t go to the party you won’t meet Paul
• But it can be also used to give warnings
If she smokes she will feel sick
• You can use MAY / MIGHT / COULD / CAN
instead of WILL
If she comes she could meet Paul
• You can use WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS
instead of IF
12. WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS
• WHEN
If it doesn’t rain I will go to the beach
When it doesn’t rain I will go to the beach
• AS SOON AS
My mother will make dinner as soon as she arrives
home
• UNLESS
– It means “IF NOT” and it is ALWAYS used with a
positive verb
Unless you practise you won’t win a medal
13. FIRST CONDITIONAL
If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.
The first conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses a possible condition and
its probable result in the future.
If clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause:
FUTURE SIMPLE
14. SECOND CONDITIONAL
• Improbable condition
• Probability 10%
• Remember they are composed by two parts
– If clause ( condition)
– Consequence
• Second conditional structure
IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t +
Infinitive
15. If you spoke French we would travel to Paris
The order can be changed and it can be used in
a positive and negative way
We would travel to Paris if you spoke French
If you didn’t speak French we wouldn’t travel
to Paris
We wouldn’t travel to Paris if you didn’t
speak French
Remember that we never use the
futurWOULD in the IF CLAUSE
IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t +
Infinitive
16. • If I were you I wouldn’t do that
• If I were a boy I would turn off my phone
• If I were a rich man …
• If Peter were a wealthy man he wouldn't have
to work hard
In this kind of sentences you can use either
WAS or WERE (WAS is more colloquial)
17. USES
• Second conditional is used to talk about the
consequences of an imaginary or hypothetical
situation in the present or in the future
(Impossible/improbable situation)
If I had a lot of money I would buy myself a yatch
What would you buy f you had a million euros?...
• But it can be also used to give advices
If I were you I wouldn’t smoke so much
18. Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he
doesn’t have any money.
If I had a lot of
money,
I would buy a big
house.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
19. Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because
she doesn’t know his number.
If I knew his number,
I would phone him.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
20. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.
if-clause:
PAST TENSE SIMPLE
main clause:
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
would + infinitive
SECOND CONDITIONAL
The second conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.
The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,
imaginary, or contrary to known facts.
21. FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL
THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL
Both conditionals refer to the present and future.
The difference is about probability, not time.
First conditional: real and possible situations
Second conditional: unlikely to happen
If John runs fast, he will win the race.
If John ran fast, he would win the race.
This is still possible to happen.
This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.
22. THIRD CONDITIONAL
• Imaginary condition
• Probability 0%
• Remember they are composed by two parts
– If clause ( condition)
– Consequence
• Third conditional structure
IF + Past perfect/ / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t have +
past perfect
23. THIRD CONDITIONAL
Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn’t do that
because he didn’t have any money.
If I had had a lot of money,
I would have bought
a big house.
24. THIRD CONDITIONAL
Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn’t do that
because she didn’t know his number.
If I had known his number,
I would have phoned him.
25. THIRD CONDITIONAL
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.
If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.
if-clause:
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
main clause:
PAST CONDITIONAL
would + have + past participle
The third conditional refers to the past and
it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation
which is contrary to reality in the past.
26. SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL
THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONAL
The difference is about time.
Second conditional: refers to the present and future
Third conditional: refers to the past situations
If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.
If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.
But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen.
But I didn’t see an accident yesterday.
This is contrary to the fact in the past.
28. Test Examples
• If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the
airport.
• The view was wonderful. If I ______________(have) a
camera with me, I would have taken some
photographs.
• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned
more, I ________________(buy) you the whole
world.
• It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had
gone there, I ____________________ (have) a
chance to use my Spanish.
• If I were you, I ______________ (take) your
neighbour to court.
29. Test Examples
• If you ask him, he will take you to the airport.
• The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera
with me, I would have taken some photographs.
• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned
more, I would buy you the whole world.
• It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I
had gone there, I would have had a chance to
use my Spanish.
• If I were you, I would take your neighbour to
court.
30. Do Now:
Finish each of these sentences.
• When you arrive late to school…
– you have to go to the office.
• If it doesn´t stop raining before CAS…
– we will play volleyball inside.
• If Moni were taller…
– she would ride on the rollercoaster.
• If it hadn´t been so cold yesterday…
– I would have gone to the game.
31. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• If she had studied, she ____
(pass) the exam.
• If she had studied, she would
have passed the exam.
32. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• If I hadn't eaten so much, I ____
(feel) sick last night.
• If I hadn't eaten so much,
I wouldn’t have felt sick last
night.
33. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• She wouldn't have been tired if
she ____ (go) to bed earlier.
• She wouldn’t have been tired if
she had gone to bed earlier.
34. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• She _____ (become) a teacher if
she had gone to university.
• She would have become a
teacher if she had gone to
university.
35. Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• He would have been on time for
the interview if he _____
(leave) the house at nine.
• He would have been on time for the
interview if he had left the house at
nine.
36. Practice
• Directions: Write a dialogue for an argument
between two people (based on the card you
draw).
– Include at least five examples each (ten total) of
the third conditional.
– Include at least two vocabulary words from the
board.
– Your argument must have some sort of resolution.
37. Mixed Conditional Practice
• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she
__________________ (be) born in Europe.
• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she
had been born in Europe.
38. Mixed Conditional Practice
• Sam would have translated the letter for you if
he ______________ (speak) Russian.
• Sam would have translated the letter for you if
he spoke Russian.
39. Complete sentences with the appropriate
conditional form
1. It’ll be quicker if we …….. a taxi to the airport. (get)
2. If the company stopped advertising online it ……. (have) higher operating
costs.
3. I think he’d be happier if he …..(not live) alone.
4. The managing director wouldn’t have fired so many of his employees if
they …….. (relocate) earlier.
5. We don’t start if all the students ……..(talk)
6. I’ll be very surprised if Maria ….(not get) the job that was advertised
here last week.
7. If you cross an international date line, the time…..(change).
8. If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company ……….(not
close down).
9. All the goods would have sold out If we ……….. (drop) the prices a little.
10. If I ……… (pass) all my exams I would be working by now.
11. If I ………(to be) you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.
40. KEY
1. It’ll be quicker if we get a taxi to the airport.
2. If the company stopped advertising online, it would have higher
operating costs.
3. I think he’d be happier, if he didn’t live alone.
4. The managing director wouldn’t have fired many of his employees if they
had relocated earlier.
5. We don’t start if all the students are talking.
6. I’ll be very surprised if Maria doesn’t get the job that was advertised
here last week.
7. If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
8. If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company wouldn’t
have closed down.
9. All the goods would have sold out, If we had dropped the prices a little.
10. If I had passed all my exams, I would be working by now. (mixed cond)
11. If I were you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.
