2. Biological controls are the use of living organisms to reduce the incidence of pest organisms Delphastuspusillis Encarsiaformosa These are two predatory insects in our tomato bay!
3.
4.
5.
6. It requires more observation and knowledge than traditional pest management techniques
7. Proper pest species identification is critical to success in choosing right biological control
8. Release rate, timing, placement, temperature, and pesticide use affect performance of biological controls
9. Wide varieties of crops make the choice of biological controls more difficult as the numbers of pests increase and vary
12. Examples of biological controls we use in our greenhouse at Yavapai College Encarsiaformosa– parasitic wasp which feeds on whitefly Delphastuspusillus– small black beetle which also feeds on whitefly Mycostop – a naturally occurring bacteria, creates a defense against Botrytis Guardian – contains nematodes which kill fungus gnats and shore flies BotaniGard – contains fungus that attacks aphids, whitefly, thrips, and spider mites Gnatrol – contains bacteria that kill fungus gnat larvae
13.
14. Comes in the form of dry powder, which can be mixed with water and used as a spray
15. When applied as a drench or a spray, the dried spores and mycelium germinate and begin to grow around the plant’s roots
16.
17. Comes on small sponges, which are soaked in water. Use the water as a spray
18. Used to control fungus gnats but also kills more than 250 different insects
19. Very tough, can survive in the root zone of plants for 60-90 days without a host insect. Covered with a cuticle which makes them resistant to most chemicals, fungicides, insecticides, and environmental conditions
20. Detects insects by either a slight increase in temperature or by release of methane gas, and they can travel about 1” per hour to seek out insect hosts
21.
22. Comes in the form of a dry powder, which can be mixed as a spray
23. Known by growers to control aphids, whitefly, thrips, mealybugs, and spider mites
24. Spores attach to the insect, forming an enzyme which dissolves the insect’s cuticle. The fungus germinates and invades the insect’s body
25.
26. The bacteria disable fungus gnat larvae by paralysis. The gnat larvae then stop feeding on the plant and die, usually within 24 hours
33. They are about 1/8" diameter and will disappear into the plant canopy very quickly.
34. They are recommended for moderate to heavy infestations (10 - 15 whitefly larvae per leaf). This small beetle is used to provide control of the greenhouse, sweet potato and silverleaf whitefly.
