1. Human Genetic Diseases Page 117

2. Objectives Describe some common genetic diseases Examine selective breeding Discuss cloning Analyze genetic engineering Describe current genetic research Construct personal pedigree

3. Ways to Cause Genetic Disease Mutation in DNA of genes Alteration in structure of a chromosome Change in the number of chromosomes

4. Cystic Fibrosis Recessive disease Affect 1:31 births Disease: Produce abnormally thick mucus Die early due to infection 118

5. Sickle-Cell Anemia Recessive Disease Discovered in 1910 Single nucleotide change from T to A 70,000 American’s Chronic body problems 118

6. Hemophilia Sex-linked disease Blood clots very slowly 118

7. Down’s Syndrome Three copies of Chromosome 21 Causes Mental retardation Heart defects Risk increases with age of mother 118

8. Pedigree Charts 1. Male = Square 2. Female = Circles 3. Normal = Open 4. Disease = Filled 5. Carrier = Half filled 119

9. Albinism 119

10. Hemophilia 120

11. Karyotypes Picture of all the cells chromosomes lined up in pairs 120

12. Selective Breeding Process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation What desired traits would you like in a dog? 124

13. Inbreeding Breed individuals with similar traits Turkey Plump Quickly maturing Will also inherit similar genetic defects 124

14. Hybridization Breed two genetically different organisms 124

15. Cloning An organism that has exactly the same genes as the one it came from. 125

16. Genetic Engineering Bacteria Other Organisms Resistant to insects Less bruising 126

17. Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy Issues 127

18. Modern Genetics Human Genome Project 30,000 genes Average gene is 3,000 bases long DNA Fingerprinting Cut up DNA and look for difference that can identify individuals

19. Quiz