LED cube

1. Major Project Report
on
LED CUBE 8x8x8
Submitted by:
Under the Guidance of:
Mr. ABHIJEET
(ECE DEPT.)
SUBMITTED TO:
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Hamidpur, Delhi-110036

2.  Led Cube 8x8x8
 Introduction
 Theory
 Hardware
 Leds
 Microcontrollers
 Atmel Atmega 32 AVR
 IC 74HC574N (8-bit latch IC)
 IC 74ACT138N (3-to-8 decoder)
 MAX232
 USBasp
 Wiring
 Capacitors
 Resistors
 Transistor PN2222
 Crystal oscillator
 Method
 List of Materials
 Assembly of the
led’s
 Circuit diagram
 Wiring is done
 Programming
 Conclusion
 Discussion
Table of Contents

5. List of Materials required:
• Protoboard
• Atmel AVR Atmega32 microcontroller
• 8x IC 74HC574 (8-bit latch)
• IC 74ACT138N
• AVR programmer (USBasp)
• 512 Blue Led’s (some extra for backup)
• 1 Green Led
• 1 Red Led
• Max232 rs-232 chip
• 64x resistor 220 Ohm
• 2x resistor 470 Ohm
• 1x resistor 10 Kohm
• 4x resistor 2.2 Kohm
• 16x NPN transistor PN2222
• 10uF capacitor
• 1000uF capacitor
• 8x 100nF ceramic capacitor
• 2x 22pF ceramic capacitor
• Crystal 14.7456 MHz
• 2x push button
• connector for 5v power (Screw terminal )
• 5v power supply (a cell phone charger)
• Sockets for each chip
(Atmega16, Max232, 74HCT244)
• Soldering iron
• Wires
• 10 pin header
• 10 pin flat cable

6. Assembly of the led’s:

7. Circuit Diagram

8. Circuit Diagram

9. Wiring is done:
What to do now?
we’ll need a 5v power supply. This could be anything, I’ve used a cell phone charger as this
was available to me. we take cut of the connecter and strip the wire for about 2 cm’s.
Depending on the brand of charger you’ll find several wires. Most of the time we’ll going to
to use the black and red one.
Being the black ground and the red one the 5V. Connect these two to the corresponding
place on the protoboard and now it should be finished. Mind you there is always the
troubleshooting. In most cases you will have connected one wire the wrong way. Or not at
all go through all the wires step by step and part by part if the cube won’t react when you try
to reach it in the next step.

10. Programming:
Programming takes up lots of time.
we’ll need to think of exactly how we want the program to run. And we’ll need
to tell (write down) every step we want it to do. This can be done in multiple
languages though “C” is the easiest for our purpose.
we’ve not yet learned to master this language and therefor it was impossible to
design our own program. We were however able to edit the current program
more to our liking. we’ll soon go on and will make our own patterns.
It will need some time tough as there is a current problem programming through
USBasp with a 64-bit operating system. To flash the program to the led cube we’ll
need a program that allows us to write data to
the flash memory of the atmega16 on the
led cube.
This can be done by using AVRdude.
AVRdude is a command line tool which takes
some time to get used to.

11. Conclusion:
We’ve created a led cube which is working. we think it looks pretty too. We’re
quite happy with it even though we’ve not been able to program different
behaviour yet. We hope to be able to do this later. The Project did not wrap up
into a nice neat package like we had envisioned, and the completion date has
passed without a major success, but we continue to work on it. The project ended
this week. Like many things, it did not go as we planned. We thought we would
spend some enjoyable time discovering what we wanted to do for a
living, identify a few companies to speak to about my plans.

12. Future Scope:
 LED Lighting For Business
 LED Lighting in Industry
 LED Lighting For The Leisure Industry
 LED Lighting In Retail
 often found outdoors in billboards and store signs
 found in public transportation vehicles or as part of transparent glass area
 used for lighting or for general illumination, task lighting or stage lighting
 found in sports stadiums, public squares, train stations, airports, highways,
commercial plazas, subways, parks, shopping centers, on tall buildings and for
corporate image promotion and advertising
 Due to the far viewing distances in sports venues, the high brightness of LED
displays can meet this special requirement and ensure that viewers get clear
images.

13. Discussion:
Even though we’ve completely happy about the whole project we reckon there
are things we could’ve done better.
Like:
- We could’ve let someone recheck the way we soldered the lets together, this
would have saved me multiple hour of work and troubleshooting.
- we should have used multiple colours of wires making troubleshooting easier.
- we should have bought the USBasp directly as the serial ports are really out-
dated and are therefore not supported anymore.
- we should have made the report directly after the project or even while
working on the project.

14. References: