Recent Changes to jQuery's Internals

Recent Changes to jQuery’s Internals John Resig September 12, 2009

No More Browser Sniffing ✤ As of jQuery 1.3 ✤ jQuery.browser is now deprecated ✤ All uses of jQuery.browser have been removed from core. ✤ jQuery.support replaces it.

jQuery.support ✤ div.innerHTML = ' <link/><table></table><a href="/a" style="color:red;float:left;opacity:.5;">a </a><select><option>text</option></select>';

jQuery.support ✤ jQuery.support = { ! ! // IE strips leading whitespace when .innerHTML is used ! ! leadingWhitespace: div.firstChild.nodeType == 3, ! ! // Make sure that tbody elements aren't automatically inserted ! ! // IE will insert them into empty tables ! ! tbody: !div.getElementsByTagName("tbody").length, ! ! // Make sure that link elements get serialized correctly by innerHTML ! ! // This requires a wrapper element in IE ! ! htmlSerialize: !!div.getElementsByTagName("link").length, ! ! // Get the style information from getAttribute ! ! // (IE uses .cssText insted) ! ! style: /red/.test( a.getAttribute("style") ), ! ! // Make sure that URLs aren't manipulated ! ! // (IE normalizes it by default) ! ! hrefNormalized: a.getAttribute("href") === "/a", ! ! // Make sure that element opacity exists ! ! // (IE uses filter instead) ! ! opacity: a.style.opacity === "0.5", ! ! // Verify style float existence ! ! // (IE uses styleFloat instead of cssFloat) ! ! cssFloat: !!a.style.cssFloat, ! ! // Will be defined later ! ! scriptEval: false, ! ! noCloneEvent: true, ! ! boxModel: null ! };

Modularity ✤ Starting in 1.3.3 code is broken up even more ✤ Core has been split into many sub-modules ✤ core.js ✤ attributes.js ✤ css.js ✤ manipulation.js ✤ traversing.js

Modularity ✤ Starting to reduce dependencies in-between ﬁles ✤ Makes it easier to dynamically load portions of the library ✤ (Mobile jQuery!)

Mobile jQuery? ✤ “Heavy” core.js ✤ ready event ✤ ﬁnd() (powered by querySelectorAll) ✤ ﬁlter() (very basic functionality) ✤ $.getScript() (for loading modules) ✤ Still experimenting...

Sizzle ✤ Standalone selector engine, landed in jQuery 1.3. Selector % Used # of Uses ✤ Built for selectors that people actually use. #id 51.290% 1431 .class 13.082% 365 tag 6.416% 179 tag.class 3.978% 111 #id tag 2.151% 60 tag#id 1.935% 54 #id:visible 1.577% 44 #id .class 1.434% 40 .class .class 1.183% 33 * 0.968% 27 #id tag.class 0.932% 26 #id:hidden 0.789% 22 tag[name=value] 0.645% 18 .class tag 0.573% 16 [name=value] 0.538% 15 tag tag 0.502% 14 #id #id 0.430% 12 #id tag tag 0.358% 10

Right to Left ✤ Most selector engines (including jQuery, pre-1.3) evaluate a selector left to right ✤ “#id div” - finds the element by ID “id” then finds all divs inside of it. ✤ Sizzle finds all divs then checks to see if theres an ancestor with an id of “id”. ✤ How CSS engines work in browsers. ✤ Only one query per selector, rest is filtering.

Reducing Complexity

Analyzing Performance ✤ Optimizing performance is a huge concern: Faster code = happy users! ✤ Measure execution time ✤ Loop the code a few times ✤ Measure the difference: ✤ (new Date).getTime();

Stack Profiling ✤ jQuery Stack Proﬁler ✤ Look for problematic methods and plugins ✤ http://ejohn.org/blog/deep-proﬁling-jquery-apps/

FireUnit ✤ A simple JavaScript test suite embedded in Firebug. ✤ http://ﬁreunit.org/

FireUnit Profile Data { fireunit.getProfile(); "time": 8.443, "calls": 611, "data":[ { "name":"makeArray()", "calls":1, "percent":23.58, "ownTime":1.991, "time":1.991, "avgTime":1.991, "minTime":1.991, http://ejohn.org/blog/function-call- "maxTime":1.991, "fileName":"jquery.js (line 2059)" profiling/

Complexity Analysis ✤ Analyze complexity rather than raw time ✤ jQuery Call Count Proﬁler (uses FireUnit) Method Calls Big-O .addClass("test"); 542 6n .addClass("test"); 592 6n .removeClass("test"); 754 8n .removeClass("test"); 610 6n .css("color", "red"); 495 5n .css({color: "red", border: "1px solid red"}); 887 9n .remove(); 23772 2n+n2 .append("<p>test</p>"); 307 3n

Complexity Analysis ✤ Reducing call count helps to reduce complexity ✤ Results for 1.3.3: Method Calls Big-O .remove(); 298 3n .html("<p>test</p>"); 507 5n .empty(); 200 2n http://ejohn.org/blog/function-call-

ECMAScript 5 Support ✤ New in 1.3.3 ✤ Removal of arguments.callee ✤ Switching from ‘RegExp to ‘new RegExp’ ✤ Using JSON.parse, where available. ✤ Support for json2.js is auto-baked in.

Unified Syntax ✤ Reusable inline functions and RegExp moved outside. ✤ var rinlinejQuery = / jQueryd+="(?:d+|null)"/g, ! rleadingWhitespace = /^s+/, ! rsingleTag = /^<(w+)s*/?>$/, ! rxhtmlTag = /(<(w+)[^>]*?)/>/g, ! rselfClosing = /^(?:abbr|br|col|img|input|link|meta|param|hr|area|embed)$/i, ! rinsideTable = /^<(thead|tbody|tfoot|colg|cap)/, ! rtbody = /<tbody/i, ! fcloseTag = function(all, front, tag){ ! ! return rselfClosing.test(tag) ? ! ! ! all : ! ! ! front + "></" + tag + ">"; ! }; ✤ http://docs.jquery.com/JQuery_Core_Style_Guidelines

Type Checks String: typeof object === "string" • Number: typeof object === "number" • Boolean: typeof object === "boolean" • Object: typeof object === "object" • Function: jQuery.isFunction(object) • Array: jQuery.isArray(object) • Element: object.nodeType • null: object === null • undeﬁned: typeof variable === "undefined" or object.prop === undefined • null or undeﬁned: object == null

isFunction / isArray ✤ isFunction overhauled in 1.3, isArray added in 1.3.3 ✤ toString = Object.prototype.toString isFunction: function( obj ) { ! ! return toString.call(obj) === "[object Function]"; ! }, ! isArray: function( obj ) { ! ! return toString.call(obj) === "[object Array]"; ! },

.selector / .context ✤ Added in 1.3 ✤ Predominantly used for plugins ✤ var div = jQuery(“div”); div.selector === “div”; div.context === document; ✤ jQuery.fn.update = function(){ return this.pushStack( jQuery(this.selector, this.context), “update” ); };

jQuery(...) unified ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ jQuery(null), jQuery(false), jQuery(undeﬁned) => jQuery([]) ✤ jQuery() is still the same as jQuery(document) (for now) ✤ BUT jQuery(“div”) points back to a common jQuery(document) root. ✤ jQuery(“div”).prevObject === jQuery()

jQuery(“TAG”) ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ jQuery(“body”) is now a shortcut for jQuery(document.body) ✤ jQuery(“TAG”) is optimized (skips Sizzle)

Position ✤ All in 1.3.3 ✤ .get(-N), .eq(-N) Access elements/jQuery sets using negative indices. ✤ .ﬁrst(), .last() Shortcuts for .eq(0) and .eq(-1) ✤ .toArray() Shortcut for .get()

.data() ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ Calling .data() (no args) returns the full data object for an element ✤ jQuery(“#foo”).data(“a”, 1).data(“b”, 2).data() => { a: 1, b: 2 }

Selectors

Document Order if ( document.documentElement.compareDocumentPosition ) { ! sortOrder = function( a, b ) { ! ! var ret = a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 4 ? -1 : a === b ? 0 : 1; ! ! if ( ret === 0 ) { ! ! ! hasDuplicate = true; ! ! } ! ! return ret; ! }; } else if ( "sourceIndex" in document.documentElement ) { ! sortOrder = function( a, b ) { ! ! var ret = a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; ! ! if ( ret === 0 ) { ! ! ! hasDuplicate = true; ! ! } ! ! return ret; ! }; } else if ( document.createRange ) { ! sortOrder = function( a, b ) { ! ! var aRange = a.ownerDocument.createRange(), bRange = b.ownerDocument.createRange(); ! ! aRange.selectNode(a); ! ! aRange.collapse(true); ! ! bRange.selectNode(b); ! ! bRange.collapse(true); ! ! var ret = aRange.compareBoundaryPoints(Range.START_TO_END, bRange); ! ! if ( ret === 0 ) { ! ! ! hasDuplicate = true; ! ! } ! ! return ret; ! } }; ✤ As of 1.3.2 all selectors return in document order (as if you did getElementsByTagName(“*”))

:hidden / :visible ✤ Changed in 1.3.2, revised in 1.3.3 ✤ Changed logic of :hidden/:visible to use .offsetWidth === 0 && .offsetHeight === 0 trick ✤ Sizzle.selectors.filters.hidden = function(elem){ ! var width = elem.offsetWidth, height = elem.offsetHeight, ! ! force = /^tr$/i.test( elem.nodeName ); // ticket #4512 ! return ( width === 0 && height === 0 && !force ) ? ! ! true : ! ! ! ( width !== 0 && height !== 0 && !force ) ? ! ! ! ! false : ! ! ! ! ! !!( jQuery.curCSS(elem, "display") === "none" ); };

ID-rooted Queries ✤ Changed in 1.3.3 ✤ $(“#id div”) sped up dramatically ✤ #id is detected and used as the root of the query ✤ $(“div”, “#id”) --> $(“#id”).ﬁnd(“div”) ✤ $(“#id div”) can likely never be as fast as $(“#id”).ﬁnd(“div”) ✤ $(“#id”) is so hyper-optimized, it’s hard to match raw perf.

DOM Manipulation

HTML Fragments ✤ Overhauled in 1.3 ✤ .append(“<li>foo</li>”) first converts HTML to a DOM fragment ✤ Fragments act as a loose collection for DOM nodes ✤ Can be used to insert many nodes with a single operation ✤ var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); while ( node.firstChild ) fragment.appendChild( node.firstChild ); document.body.appendChild( node );

HTML Fragments (redux.) ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ It turns out that using fragments makes it really easy to cache them, as well. ✤ Look for common cases that can be cached (simple, small, HTML strings that are built more than once). ✤ Also optimized $(“<some html>”), cut out some unnecessary intermediary code. ✤ jQuery.fragments[“<some html>”] = fragment;

HTML Fragments ✤ Surprising change: ✤ for ( var i = 0; i < 250; i++ ) { $(“<li>some thing</li>”).attr(“id”, “foo” + i).appendTo(“ul”); } ✤ Now faster than: ✤ for ( var i = 0; i < 250; i++ ) { $(“ul”).append(“<li id=‘foo” + i + “‘>some thing</li>”); }

$(“<div/>”) ✤ In 1.3: ✤ $(“<div/>”) was made equivalent to $(document.createElement (“div”)) ✤ In 1.3.3: ✤ Logic for handling createElement moved to jQuery() (performance improved!)

append(function(){ }) ✤ In 1.3.3 append, prepend, before, after, wrap, wrapAll, replace, replaceAll all take a function as an argument ✤ Compliments .attr(“title”, function(){}) (and CSS) ✤ Makes: $(“li”).each(function(){ $(this).append(“My id: “ + this.id); }); ✤ Also: $(“li”).append(function(){ return “My id: “ + this.id; });

.detach() ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ Like .remove() but leaves events and data intact. ✤ detach: function( selector ) { ! ! return this.remove( selector, true ); ! },

DOM Traversal

.closest() ✤ Added in 1.3 ✤ $(this).closest(“div”) checks if ‘this’ is a div, if not keeps going up the tree until it ﬁnds the closest one. ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ $(this).closest(“.test”, document.body) Prevent the traversal from going too far up the tree.

find() perf ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ Reduced the number of function calls - Reduced 16 calls per ﬁnd() to 5. ✤ find: function( selector ) { ! ! var ret = this.pushStack( "", "find", selector ), length = 0; ! ! for ( var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++ ) { ! ! ! length = ret.length; ! ! ! jQuery.find( selector, this[i], ret ); ! ! ! if ( i > 0 ) { ! ! ! ! // Make sure that the results are unique ! ! ! ! for ( var n = length; n < ret.length; n++ ) { ! ! ! ! ! for ( var r = 0; r < length; r++ ) { ! ! ! ! ! ! if ( ret[r] === ret[n] ) { ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ret.splice(n--, 1); ! ! ! ! ! ! ! break; ! ! ! ! ! ! } ! ! ! ! ! } ! ! ! ! } ! ! ! } ! ! } ! ! return ret; ! },

find() perf ✤ Perf for $(“...”) improved, as well (hooked into rootQuery, uses less function calls)

.not() / .filter() ✤ .not(function(){}) (1.3.3) ✤ .filter(Element), .filter(function(){}) (1.3.3) ✤ Full API parity inbetween .not() and .filter()

.index() ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ $(“div”).index() - position of element relative to siblings ✤ $(“#foo”).index(“div”) - position relative to all divs

Events

Live Events ✤ Super-efﬁcient event delegation - uses .closest(), introduced in 1.3. ✤ 1.3.3 adds context and data object support. ✤ 1.3.3 will ship once “submit”, “change”, and “focus/blur” events work in .live() (in all browsers).

.bind() `thisObject` ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ You can now bind functions enforcing this `this` ✤ var obj = { method: function(){} }; $(“div”).bind( “click”, function(){ this.objProp = true; }, obj );

Dynamic Ready Event ✤ In 1.3.3 ✤ document.readyState is checked to determine if the body is already loaded - if so, no need to wait for ready event.

Method Calls O(N) .addClass("test"); 542 O(6n) .addClass("test"); 592 O(6n) .removeClass("test"); 754 O(8n) .removeClass("test"); 610 O(6n) .css("color", "red"); 495 O(5n) .css({color: "red", border: "1px solid red"}); 887 O(9n) .remove(); 23772 O(2n+n2) .append("<p>test</p>"); 307 O(3n) .append("<p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p>"); 319 O(3n) .show(); 394 O(4n) .hide(); 394 O(4n) .html("<p>test</p>"); 28759 O(3n+n2) .empty(); 28452 O(3n+n2) .is("div"); 110 .ﬁlter("div"); 216 O(2n) .ﬁnd("div"); 1564 O(16n)

Method Calls O(N) .addClass("test"); 2 .addClass("test"); 2 .removeClass("test"); 2 .removeClass("test"); 2 .css("color", "red"); 102 .css({color: "red", border: "1px solid red"}); 201 O(2n) .remove(); 299 O(3n) .append("<p>test</p>"); 116 .append("<p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p><p>test</p>"); 128 .show(); 394 O(4n) .hide(); 394 O(4n) .html("<p>test</p>"); 100 .empty(); 201 O(2n) .is("div"); 109 .ﬁlter("div"); 216 O(2n) .ﬁnd("div"); 495 O(5n)

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Recent Changes to jQuery's Internals

by jeresig on Sep 16, 2009

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Recent Changes to jQuery’s Internals — Presentation Transcript