2. Bessemer
Scab- a person
Process-
who works
despite an A cheap and Frederick Law
ongoing strike, efficient Olmstead- a
usually they process for landscape
were not making steel, architect that
employed by developed by helped draw a
the company the British plan for
during the manufacturer “greensward”
strike. Henry
Bessemer
1800’s 1830 1850 1857 1859
Soddies- Social
Darwinism- an
Patronage- A freestanding economic and
officeholders house made on
social
power to the flat plains by
stacking blocks of philosophy,
appoint people
prairie turf. Many based on
that have
problems such as Charles
helped them to
water leaks and Darwin’s theory
positions in insects were of evolution.
government. common.
3. Homestead
Act- law that
provided 160 acres Andrew
in the west to any
citizen or intended Credit’ Carnegie- left
citizen who was Mobilier’- his job at the
head of household
Stockholders in Pennsylvania
and would cultivate
land for five years; the Union railroad to
led to record Pacific Railroad move on to
number of U.S.
formed this better things;
settlers claiming
private property. construction owned a steel
company. company
1862 1864 1865
Sand Creek
Massacre- Most
of the Cheyenne,
assuming they
were under
government
protection
peacefully returned
to Colorado;
General Curtis
“want [ed] no
peace till the
Indians suffer [ed]
more.”
4. Collective
Tammany Bargaining-
Hall- powerful negotiation
democratic between an
machine, run employer and
by Boss Weed trade union,
aimed at
regulating work
conditions.
1868
Sitting Bull-
(Tatania
Iyotanka)
leader of
Hunkpapa
Sioux, never
Tweed Ring- signed treaty of
head of Fort Laramie,
Tammany hall, was forced on
powerful the leaders of
political Sioux.
machine.
5. Farmers Trust- when
Alliance- companies Literacy test-
joined in trust test was given
Set up to to test reading
educate people Great Plains- agreements,
people called for blacks,
about topics blacks were
Vast trustees ran
such as lower asked more
Grassland; separate
interest rates difficult
distinctive and companies as
on loans and questions.
highly one.
government
developed
spending.
Native
Americans Grandfather
lived here. 1870’s Poll tax- clause- whites
Grange- requirement to who didn’t pass
vote, annual clause could
Organization
tax that had to still vote, tried
for farmers, Jim Crow
be paid before to ensure
members spent Laws- another
qualifying to blacks couldn’t
majority of time name for
vote. vote.
fighting for segregation
railroads, laws, put into
teaching effect in
members how Graft- illegal
schools, use of political
to organize and hospitals,
more. influence for
parks, and personal gain,
transportation led to kickback.
systems.
6. Thomas Alva
Edison-
Civil service- Dumbbell
perfected the
nonmilitary tenements-
Telephone- light bulb,
branches of Jacob Riis
invented by invented entire
government, pointed out that
alexander system for
reformers these were to
graham bell producing and
began to press overcrowded.
and Thomas distributing
for elimination
Watson, electrical power
of patronage.
effected office
work and
created jobs for
1870’s & women. 1876 1877 1879
1880’’s Alexander
Graham Bell- Mark Twain-
invented the novelist and
Segregation- humorist; Jacob Riis-
seperation telephone
along with inspired discussed
based on race,
blacks had to be Thomas young adults tenements;
seperated and Watson, when he were to
follow certain opened the declared overcrowded.
customs.
way for independence
worldwide of literature.
connection.
7. Melting pot- Ragtime- blend Wild Bill
Many native of African Hickok-
born American Angel island-
Americans spirituals and Served as a
immigration
European scout and spy
thought of our musical forms was popular
country as a during the civil
here, just like
melting pot war, violent
Ellis Island but
(mix of races man known as
on the West
and cultures.) “dead man’s
Coast..
hand”
1880’s
Ellis Island-
hotspot for Assimilation-
immigration, An idea where
had to pass Native
physical Americans
examinations in gave up their
order to be able way of life and
to come to became part of
America. white culture
8. Long Drive- Political
An overland machine- an
transport that organized
lasted about group that
three months, controls a
there was only political party in
about one a city and
cowboy per offers services
every 250- 300 to voters and
cattle. businessmen.
1881 1883-1887 1885
Brooker T.
Washington-
belived that
racism would
end when
blacks acquired
useful labor
skills
9. Dawes Act: Jane Adams-
A law that was one of the most
Samuel
intended to influential
Gompers- led
“Americanize” members of the
the Cigar
Native settlement
makers’
Americans by house
international
distributing movement.
union to join
with other craft reservation
unions. land.
1886 1887 1889
Settlement George
house- Eastmen-
reformers in developed a
social reform series of more
established convenient
this, run by alternatives to
middle class, heavy glass
provided plates used for
education, photography.
services, etc.
10. Wounded
Ghost Dance: Knee: Ida B. Wells-
A ritual that a Custer’s Saw lynching
prophet taught Seventh Calvary for what it was
the Sioux, rounded up 350 when three of
brought up a lot starving and
of controversy her friends
freezing Sioux
with Americans. were illegally
and took them
to wounded
executed.
knee.
1890 1892
Sherman
Kickback- antitrust act-
workers made it illegal
“kickbacked” a to form a trust
portion of that interfered
earnings to the with free trade
machine, illegal between states
payments for or with other
their services. countries
11. “Cross of
Gold”-
William
Bimetallism- Jennings Bryan
delivered an
The use of both impassioned
gold and silver address to the
as a basis for a assembled
national delegates.
monetary
system.
1894 1896
Plessy vs.
Ferguson-
Eugene V. separation of
Debs- races in public
attempted to accommodation
form an s was legal and
industrial didn’t go
union; against the 14th
amendment.
American
Railway Union
(ARU)
12. John D. Debt peonage- W.E.B. Dubois-
Rockefeller- a system that First African
joined with bound laborers American to
competing into slavery in receive a
companies in order to work doctorate from
trust off a debt to the Harvard,
agreements, employer. founded the
established oil Niagra
company. movement.
1901 1902 1903 1905
Monopoly- Orville and
Wilbur Wright-
United States
of Steel was two brothers
one of the most that had the
common first successful
companies to flight.
form a
monopoly.
