Bonding

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Bonds ,[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Bond Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Ionic Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Achieving Noble Gas Electron Configurations (NGEC) ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Isoelectronic Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.8: Ions as packed spheres. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.8: Positions (centers) of the ions. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.9: Relative sizes of some ions and their parent atoms. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Covalent Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Polarity ,[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.2: Probability representations of the electron sharing in HF. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Electronegativity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.3: Electronegativity values for selected elements. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Table 12.1 Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.4: The three possible types of bonds . Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Polar bonds vs. Polar molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.5: Charge distribution in the water molecule. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.5: Water molecule behaves as if it had a positive and negative end. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to positive ions by their negative ends. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to negative ions by their positive ends. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Lewis Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Octet Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Comments About the Octet Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Drawing Lewis Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pairs of electrons… ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Multiple Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Resonance ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

VSEPR Model ,[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Predicting a VSEPR Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.12: Molecular structure of methane. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.13: Tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.13: Hydrogen atoms occupy only three corners of the tetrahedron. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.13: The NH 3 molecule has the trigonal pyramid structure. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.14: Tetrahedral arrangement of four electron pairs around oxygen. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.14: Two electron pairs shared between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Figure 12.14: V-shaped molecular structure of the water molecule. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Shapes of Molecule Practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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Bonding

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3.

4.

5.

6. Figure 12.8: Ions as packed spheres. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Figure 12.8: Positions (centers) of the ions. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Figure 12.9: Relative sizes of some ions and their parent atoms. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9.

10.

11. Figure 12.2: Probability representations of the electron sharing in HF. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

12.

13. Figure 12.3: Electronegativity values for selected elements. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. Table 12.1 Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. Figure 12.4: The three possible types of bonds . Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

16.

17. Figure 12.5: Charge distribution in the water molecule. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

18. Figure 12.5: Water molecule behaves as if it had a positive and negative end. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

19. Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to positive ions by their negative ends. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

20. Figure 12.6: Polar water molecules are strongly attracted to negative ions by their positive ends. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30. Figure 12.12: Molecular structure of methane. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

31. Figure 12.13: Tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

32. Figure 12.13: Hydrogen atoms occupy only three corners of the tetrahedron. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

33. Figure 12.13: The NH 3 molecule has the trigonal pyramid structure. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

34. Figure 12.14: Tetrahedral arrangement of four electron pairs around oxygen. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

35. Figure 12.14: Two electron pairs shared between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

36. Figure 12.14: V-shaped molecular structure of the water molecule. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

37. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

38.

39.

40.