The document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) networking technologies and their capabilities. It introduces DASH7 as an IoT networking standard that aims to provide a better overall IoT stack compared to other technologies. DASH7 claims to be phy agnostic, support dynamic MAC layers, IPv6 compatible networking, a universal filesystem, query-driven sessions, and standardized application support. It also aims to provide ultra low power capabilities, long ranges, low latency, and other features through its technical design and use of technologies like LoRa radios and error correction.

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2. 2
A Tale Of Two IoT’s
• ZigBee has mostly failed and
abdicated the segment
• BLE succeeding for very short
range mobile and fixed use
cases
• LoRaWAN, NB-IoT serving some
wide area fixed use cases
• Wide area mobile IoT use cases
remain largely untapped
• “Embedded” Internet Tech With
A History of Success
• WiFi & others
• Multihopping, Mesh
• Wins come from ability of
technology to offer great
system integration and
enterprise-scale features
“Embedded” Internet Tech
With A History Of Success
Currently More Opportunities
Than Solutions
Battery PoweredMains Powered

3. 3
Mains Power Battery Power
Mobile
Fixed
WiFi LoRaWAN NB-IoT
ZigBee
Cat M-1
BLE
DASH7/LoRa
N/A
Proprietary Protocols SigFox
Opportunity: Battery Powered + Mobile
Thread

4. 4
Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
History
‣ Created by Haystack between beginning in 2010
‣ Grew out of ISO 18000-7, used by US DoD
‣ Several universities build coursework and graduate
programs around DASH7.
‣ Main deployments have been in EU
Future
‣ DASH7’s query architecture makes it a natural fit for
“Big Data” NoSQL systems moving from cloud into IoT.
‣ Due to ultra-low-power requirement, DASH7 gets
traction in industrial & commercial apps where cost of
changing batteries is a barrier.
Introducing DASH7

5. 5
Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!5
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

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Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!6
Dynamic MAC:
Low-power, low-latency communication
requires new MAC-layer technologies
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

7. 7
Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!7
Dynamic MAC:
Low-power, low-latency communication
requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking:
Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

8. 8
Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!8
Dynamic MAC:
Low-power, low-latency communication
requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking:
Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP
Universal Filesystem:
Data interoperability and
interlayer glue
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

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Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!9
Dynamic MAC:
Low-power, low-latency communication
requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking:
Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP
Universal Filesystem:
Data interoperability and
interlayer glue
Query-driven Sessions:
Minimizing handshaking comms is
key for improving network density
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

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Lower Layers
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
Networking (M2NP)
Transport (M2QP)
SessionModule
Standard Apps Custom Apps
ALP Framework
FilesystemModule(M2FS)
M2DEF
RF
UI (opt.)
A modern IoT
stack needs:
PHY Agnostic:
Portable across multiple radios
!10
Dynamic MAC:
Low-power, low-latency communication
requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking:
Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP
Universal Filesystem:
Data interoperability and
interlayer glue
Query-driven Sessions:
Minimizing handshaking comms is
key for improving network density
Standardized Application Support:
NFC-NDEF and UDP Apps
DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack

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DASH7 Features
‣ Fully bi-directional
‣ Radio agnostic
‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell)
‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints
‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries
‣ Broadcast, multicast messaging
‣ Two-way error correction
‣ A-GPS, GPS support
‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others
‣ Smart Contract Support at Endpoint
‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto
‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes
Technical Features
OSI Layer
7 Application UDP + OIC + NDEF + iOS, etc.
6 Presentation
DASH7 Core
low power
low latency
low cost
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical (Radio) LoRa, Other Options

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Feature Comparison
‣ Fully bi-directional
‣ Radio agnostic
‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell)
‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints
‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries
‣ Broadcast, multicast, P2P messaging
‣ Two-way error correction
‣ A-GPS, GPS support
‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others
‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto
‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes
Technical Features
Yes No Yes
Yes No No
Yes Limited No
Yes No No
Yes No Yes
Yes No No
Yes No Yes
Yes No Yes - 7 day batt. life
Yes Limited No
Yes Private only Yes
Yes No Yes
NB-IoT

13. DASH7’s Unfair Competitive Advantage
DASH7 Advertising Packets
Gateway transmits bursts of advertising packets that include a
query as well as instructions for how and when to respond.
This results in:
- Very low endpoint power consumption
- Very low latency responses between devices
- A method for quickly synchronizing large grounds of endpoints

14. Low Power, Low Latency Queries via
Advertising & Sync
ETA
500
Info
0
ETA
1
Info
0
ETA
0
Info
0
Foreground RequestBackground AdvertisingBackground AdvertisingBackground Advertising
Host A sends a stream of special “background frames” containing
Advertising Protocol Data. The data includes the time when the
next request will occur (e.g. 500 ms).
Host A sends
synchronized request
at planned time
1 2 3

15. Low Power, Low Latency Queries via
Advertising & Sync
ETA
500
Info
0
ETA
1
Info
0
ETA
0
Info
0
Foreground RequestBackground AdvertisingBackground AdvertisingBackground Advertising
Host A sends a stream of special “background frames” containing
Advertising Protocol Data. The data includes the time when the
next request will occur (e.g. 500 ms).
Host A sends
synchronized request
at planned time
1 2 3
Any number of endpoints can listen for advertising.
1. Briefly sample the channel for any activity.
2. Check for signs that it’s a background frame (part of design).
3. Receive the background frame.
All endpoints can receive request, all can send responses, all are now synced to each
other.

16. Lowest Power Bi-Directional LPWAN Stack
16
0 - 1 µW 1 - 10 µW 10 - 100 µW 0.1 - 1 mW 1 - 10 mW 10 - 100 mW 0.1 - 1 W 1 - 10 W 10 - 100 W
DASH7
Endpoint
DASH7
Repeater
LoRaWAN
Class B
LoRaWAN
Class C
Bluetooth
Slave
BLE
Slave*
Bluetooth
Master
Running
iMac
Running
laptop
Running
4G Baseband
Consumer
WiFi AP
Running
GPS chip
Upper limit for
energy harvesting
Upper limit for
Multiyear battery
Li-Thionyl
self-discharge
Background
RF energy
LoRaWAN
Class A*
LoRaWAN
Gateway
DASH7
Gateway
Raspberry
Pi w/ WiFi
*Uplink only

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DASH7 Range: Haystack Does It Best
Haystack delivers the longest possible range for future Bird battery-powered LoRa devices
LoRa
Physical
Layer
DASH7
LAN
Mode
DASH7
XR
Mode
Haystack
Error
Correction
+ ++
1 2 3 4

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1. Physical Layer: Semtech LoRa
1. Popular low power, wide area networking radio from Semtech
2. Multi-year battery life, multi-kilometer range
3. Operates in unlicensed spectrum (915 MHz in USA)
4. Low cost ($3 in volume)
5. Modules available from Murata, Microchip, ST Micro, Others
For more information on LoRa: https://www.semtech.com/lora/

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2. DASH7 LAN Mode: Full Feature Set
LAN Mode
Average
Suburban,
Ground-level
Range*: 0.25 miles
•Fully Bi-directional DASH7 Protocol for LoRa
•Multi-year Battery Life
•Listen-before-talk Endpoints
•Real-time Geolocation, including GPS/A-GPS
•Real-time Queries, Commands to Endpoints
•Peer-to-peer, multicast addressing options
•OTA Key Refresh, Firmware Updates
•Configurable Bandwidth, Data Rates
*Ground level = 3-4 feet

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3. DASH7 XR Mode: Limited Feature Set
XR Mode
Average Suburban,
Ground-level Range: .64 miles+

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XR Mode
Average Suburban,
Ground-level Range: .64 miles+
• Extended range via smaller packets, lower bitrates
• Limited DASH7 feature set
• Two-way comms, including error correction, commands
• GPS-based location (30-day A-GPS preload while in LAN mode)
• Multi-year Battery Life
• Beacon-based endpoint operation
• No Broadcast, OTA Key Refresh, Firmware Updates
• Endpoint exits LAN mode and automatically invokes XR mode
3. DASH7 XR Mode: Limited Feature Set

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4. Haystack Advanced Error Correction
• High-performance forward error correction
• Heavily utilized in cellular (3G, 4G) and other wide
area wireless networks including NASA space
probes
• Leverages LDPC and other techniques
• Relatively low complexity algorithms allow for low
power encoding and decoding
• Haystack Guaranteed Messaging allows for
intelligent re-transmit of messaging. Transmit
continues until a) packet is corrected, b) time-out is
reached, or c) Shannon limit reached.

23. Key Takeaways Re: Power, Range
Haystack offers superior range to LoRaWAN due to:
• LDPC error correction
• Fewer collisions, especially in dense endpoint environments
• Fewer dropped packets
• Dynamically configurable data rates, message sizes, other attributes
Haystack offers superior battery life to LoRaWAN due to:
• Listen-before-talk endpoints
• Fully bi-directional comms including message acknowledgement
• Dynamically configurable endpoint power profile
• Multicast-based A-GPS for outdoor location use cases
• Query-based geolocation vs. beacon-based geolocation
• “Downlink” based RSSI- and TDOA-based geolocation/trilateration
• Geofencing capability using advertising packets to trigger endpoint response

24. 24!24
Gateway
Haystack Enables Low Power, Non-Cellular
P2P Connections
Peer-to-peer comms over Haystack/LoRa

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Or Multicast Queries or Commands In High-
Density Endpoint Environments
!25
Bird Network
Operating
Center
Gateway

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Haystack Supports Low Power GPS …
Assisted
GPS
Server
Multicasted A-GPS
Orbital Information
!26
• A-GPS provides “hot start”
location acquisition - like a GPS
cheat sheet - to endpoint,
minimizing power draw
• Gateway multicasts A-GPS
datagrams to nearby endpoints
• Location acquisition time usually
~2-3 seconds with ~3 meter
accuracy
Gateway

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Indoor Location Options with Haystack

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AP 1. Access point keeps network
synchronized, and gets vertex
data from users in the area
Endpoint
2. Endpoints are mobile, battery-
powered devices
3. Small
battery or USB-
powered
“reference
nodes” are
placed on fixed
things & places

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AP
Today, no LPWAN or NB-IoT technology offers a high-precision, real
time, indoor location capability on its own.
But Haystack does this.
Endpoint
Using RSSI & RF “fingerprinting” with scattered
reference nodes: ±1m location precision has been
observed

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AP
Alternatively, “nearest neighbor” location provides the RSSI value of the closest
fixed reference tag to the mobile endpoint, minimizing systems integration and
setup costs when room-level (or better) location precision is acceptable.

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Our Technology
‣ Fully bi-directional
‣ Radio agnostic
‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell)
‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints
‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries
‣ Broadcast, multicast, P2P messaging
‣ Two-way error correction
‣ A-GPS, GPS support
‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others
‣ Smart Contract Support at Endpoint
‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto
‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes
Technical Features
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Limited
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Limited
Yes No
Yes Private only
Yes No

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Contact: pat@haystacktechnologies.com