It will help to students who study bio geography and relevant subjects , this is a project what we have done in our university and now i m publishing this for your references. in this presentation we describe of disturbance types and how it was worked , unfortunately we are not able to upload the containing video to this presentation if you need it just you will able to get it from you tube by searching plate tectonics mechanism , study well and best of luck !!!!!!!

1. The Role Of Disturbance
In Shaping The
Biogeography

2. Introduction
What is shaping biogeography ?
 Shaping the biogeography is adjustment and distribution of
species and ecosystems in geographic space and through
geological time
What are the disturbances ?
 Any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts or
catastrophic events

3. Types of disturbance
Natural
Anthropogenic
Autogenic
Mainly these disturbances effect on
Species diversity
Land mass
Habitats
Regional and global climates

4. Disturbances
 Plate tectonics
 Perturbations
 Other natural disturbances

5. What is the plate tectonics
 A theory that states that the earth’s crust is made up of a
number of plates which move over a liquid crust that get
created and destroyed over time.
 According to the plate tectonics theory, the uppermost
mantle, along with the overlying crust, behaves as a
strong, rigid layer. This layer is known as the
lithosphere.

6.  A plate is one of numerous rigid sections of the
lithosphere that move as a unit over the material of the
asthenosphere.
A Side View Of Structure Of Earth

7. Tectonics History

8. Tectonic Plates of The Earth
There are 16 tectonics plates and 7 tectonics plates are
consider as main tectonics plates
Main tectonics plates
• African Plate
• Antarctic Plate
• Australian Plate
Continental Plates
• North American Plate
• South American Plate
• Eurasian Plate
• Pacific Plate
-
Oceanic Plate

10. Plate Tectonics Mechanism by video

11. Effect of Plate Tectonics
 Effect on the area of landmasses and marine basins
– Plate tectonics helps to create continents , Ocean and Islands

12. Effect on isolation and opportunities for Biotic exchange
• As Pangea began to separate into separate continents before130
Million years , creating physical barriers such as seas, restricting
migration to within the continents

13. • Gene pools of species are separated and as they are exposed
to
different physical and biotic conditions, each portion of the
species adapts differently and eventually forms new species on
the separated continents
Example – Australian
continent is the most rich of
speciation due to isolation

14.  Effect on regional and global Climates
• Due to Continents separate and latitudinal shifting it cause
to
different climates on different continents
• Due to continents drifted over or near the pole it cause
to cold climate at there
Example – Arctic & Antarctic

15. Different climates on The Earth

16. Other natural disturbances
Geographical Factors – Mountains , Rivers , Oceans
These geographical factors help for separating a species
to two or more groups and to Isolation of each groups

17. Perturbations
Perturbations such as floods , volcanoes & wildfires are cause to
remove or termination of species from a certain places and it cause
to find new shelters and spreading to new places