5. Strategic Mission and
Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package
Design and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
6. Strategic Mission and
Vision
Strategic and Market
Analysis and
understanding
Competitive Priorities
Customer Benefit
Package Design and
Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service
and Process Design
Manufactured Good
Design and
Development
7. Strategic Mission and Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package Design
and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Process and Selection and Design
8. Strategic Mission and Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package Design
and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Process and Selection and Design
Service and Service Delivery
System Design
9. Strategic Mission and Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package Design
and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Process and Selection and Design
Service and Service Delivery
System Design
Service Encounter Design
10. Strategic Mission and Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package Design
and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Process and Selection and Design
Service and Service Delivery
System Design
Service Encounter Design
Market
Introduction/Deployment
11. Strategic Mission and Vision
Strategic and Market Analysis
and understanding Competitive
Priorities
Customer Benefit Package Design
and Configuration
Detailed Goods, Service and
Process Design
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Manufactured Good Design and
Development
Process and Selection and Design
Service and Service Delivery
System Design
Service Encounter Design
Market Introduction/Deployment
Market Evaluation
13. ROBUST DESIGN AND THE
TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION
The performance of a good or
service is affected by
variations that occur during
production or service delivery,
environmental factors, and
the ways in which people use
it.
14. Goods that are insensitive
to external sources of
variation are called robust
15. Genichi Taguchi
• A Japanese engineer who made numerous
contributions to the field quality management,
explained the economic value of reducing variation in
manufacturing. Taguchi maintaned that the
traditional practice of meeting design specification is
inherently flawed.
16. Traditional Goal Post View of Conforming to
Specifications
Tolerance
0.480 0.520
LossLoss
No Loss
0,500
17. Taguchi measured quality as the
variations from the target value of
design specification and then
translated that variation into an
economic “loss function” that
expresses the cost of variation in
monetary terms. The economic loss
applies to both goods and services.
18. Taguchi assumed that losses can be
approximated by a quadratic
function so that larger deviations
from target cause increasingly
larger losses.
22. Reliability
• Is the probability that manufactured good, piece of equipment, or
system performs its intended function for a stated period of time
under specified operating conditions.
Note : A system could be a service process where each stage (work
activity or station) is analagous to a companent part in a
manufactured good.
23. This definition has four important elements :
• Probability
• Time
• Performance
• Operating conditions
24. Probability
• A probability of .97 indicates that, on average, 97 out of 100 times the
item will perform it function for a given period of time under
specified operating conditions.
25. Time
• A device having a reliabilty of .97 for 1,000 hours of operation is
inferior to one that has the same reliability for 5,000 hours of
opertion, if the objective of the device is long life.
26. Performance
• The reliabilty of a system is the probability that the system will
perform satisfactorily over a specified period of time
27. Operation Conditions
• Many manufactured goods consist of several components that are
rearranged in series but are assumed to be interdependent of one
another.
28. Structure of a Serial System
Component
1
Component
n
Component
2
. . .
29. • If we know the reliabilty, pj, for each component, j, we can compute
the total reliability of an n-component series system, Rs.
• If the individual reliabilities are denoted by P1, P2, . . ., Pn Land the
system reliability is denoted by Rs, then
31. Structure of a Parallel System
Component
1
Component
n
Component
2
.
.
.
32. Equation 6.3
• The system reliabiilty of an n- component parallel system is computed
as:
Rp = 1 – (1-p1) (1-p2) (1-p3) ... (1-pn)
33. Combinations of series and parallel
components
• Compute the reliability of the parallel components using the equation
Rp = 1 – (1-p1) (1-p2) (1-p3) ... (1-pn) and treat the result as a single
series component
• Use the equation Rs = (p1) (p2) (p3) ... (pn) to compute the reliability
if the resulting series system.
34. Subassemblies Reliabilites
To find the reliability of the proposed product design , we note that this is a series system and use equation 6.2
A CB
.98 .99.91
Rs = (p1) (p2) (p3) ... (pn)
= (.98) (.91) (.99)
= .883, or 88.3%
35. Modified Design
Now suppose that the original subassembly B is duplicated, creating a
paralle path
Illustration 6.7
What is the reliability of this configuration?
B
B
A C
.91
.98 .99
.91
36. The reliability of the parallel system for subassembly B is
Rp = 1 - (1-.91) (1-.91)
= 1 – (.09) (.09)
= 1 - .0081
= .9919
37. Rs = (p1) (p2) (p3)
= (.98) (.9919) (.99)
= .962, or, 96.2%
The reliabilty of the total product increases from 88.3% tp 96.2% for an
absolute increase of 7.9%
38. Quality Finction Deployment
• is both a philosophy and a set of planning and communication tools that
focuses on costumer requirements in coordinating the design ,
manufacturing, and marketing of goods or services.
• Costumer requirements, as expressed in the costumers own terms, are
called the voice of the costumer.
• QFD focuses on turning the voice of the costumer into specific technical
requirements that characterize a design and provide the “blueprint” for
manufacturing or service delivery. Technical requirements might include
materials, size and shapeof parts, strength requirements, service
procedures to follow, and even employee behavior during costumer
interactions. The process is initiated with a matrix, which because of its
structure (shown in Exhibit 6.8) is often called the House of Quality.
