Black holes are rips or tears in the fabric of space and time that manipulate the matter and energy around them. Though invisible, black holes can be detected by their effects on nearby stars and matter. Black holes have an event horizon, the point of no return, and may emit Hawking radiation. Scientists believe there are supermassive black holes at the center of most galaxies, including a 4 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way. The idea of black holes was first proposed over 200 years ago, and though still not fully understood, continued study will help reveal more of their secrets.

1. Kyle G
Black Holes
The Universe’s Surprises
The universe has many surprises, things that can bend your mind and make you travel back in
time. What is really happening and what has happened is different. Only in our dreams can we imagine
what the universe holds for us. This is how black holes came into the picture. Imagine a giant hole in the
universe manipulating space and time, but it is also invisible. This is what scientists have discovered
about the universe in the time they have used. Since the beginning of the universe, there has been so
much for mankind to discover. Blacks holes is one of the theories that these scientists have about the
universe. We do not know that much about them but we are hoping to make a lot of progression in the
next couple of decades.
Black holes are rips, tears or holes in the universe that manipulate time and space.
Undetectable, they are only able to be found by shift in the matter around them. Though we do not
know much about these, there are some things that we do know. Black holes have an invisible area
around it that marks the point of no return, this is called the event horizon. These also give off hawking
radiation, which is thermal radiation but in the dark spectrum. This would be a very high temperature of
heat. When say a companion star goes into a black hole, the asses would spiral towards it making very
large heat radiation that our telescopes can pick up. There are also theories that there are super massive
black holes in the center of universes. Scientists say that they have found evidence of a super massive
black hole in the center of our Milky Way Galaxy that has gathered more than 4 million solar masses.
There are still many things to discover about these masses in the universe and some things may never
be discovered, though some things do help with this.
The history of these started over 200 years ago with a fellow named John Michell. He was the
one to put out the idea of black holes out in the universe somewhere. His idea was later back upped in
1796 by Pierre-Simon Laplace, who had written two books about them. He also proclaimed that in order

2. for there to be a black hole, there needed to be an opposite force that would sustain its collapse.
Leading from that, black holes can be classified in three ways. Mass, charge and angular momentum.
These properties are visible from outside of a black hole, which helps scientists study them more. Any
tow black holes that have same properties are indistinguishable, meaning, many black holes may be the
same. Black holes work like this, when they absorb matter in, there is a line of photons that eventually
spreads to cover the black hole. This is a line of density on the surface. This also follows Gauss’s law. This
law states the distribution of an electric charge. Imagine a big iron plate. Now think of photons being
dumped onto it, Gauss’s law states that the photons must spread evenly across the plate. One theory, is
that as soon as you pass that event horizon, your body will slowly begin to tear apart. The parts of your
body as they enter will get ripped in half until there is nothing there. Some may think that since atoms
are being split, they would explode. Since the black hole is inescapable, the noise and the light from that
explosion would be sucked in, nothing can escape a black hole.
Though there are many things in life that we cannot understand or even guess on, though we
are working to figure them out every day. Nothing can get past us and in the future, our studies will be
even more advanced and we will be able to confirm our theories by traveling far into space. We can
comprehend and compute whether there are different masses and tears in the universe. Everything in
the universe may be a mystery to us, but nothing can hide forever. We have the technology to get better
and do more things and we can get to the point where we can say that we know the secrets of the
universe, whether it be black holes to life on planets over 1 billion light years away.