Global energy consumption & Alternative technologies A presentation by Harald Ibele GeoSolNC, LLC

Notes and Disclaimer Infineon Presentation at Napa KGD September 2008 Wikipedia Various other sources, credits on most pages, though not all Due to the variety of data available, especially concerning pie charts dealing with energy consumption allocation, the author has taken a somewhat conservative approach and used average values. Actual values vary depending on actual location, quality of construction, size of family and personal habits. The author does not make any claims to the absolute correctness of all information contained herein nor to the completeness. This presentation is solely an attempt to show the capabilities and availability of different technologies, techniques and trends available at the time of writing. Author assumes no liability for damages caused by relying on this information and encourages the reader to perform their own additional research. Corrections and suggestions for improvement are welcome. Please do not re-print, save paper. You are invited to spread this freely via e-mail though. Happy reading. Harald Ibele Indian Trail NC February 2009

Infineon Presentation at Napa KGD September 2008

Wikipedia

Various other sources, credits on most pages, though not all

Due to the variety of data available, especially concerning pie charts dealing with energy consumption allocation, the author has taken a somewhat conservative approach and used average values. Actual values vary depending on actual location, quality of construction, size of family and personal habits.

The author does not make any claims to the absolute correctness of all information contained herein nor to the completeness.

This presentation is solely an attempt to show the capabilities and availability of different technologies, techniques and trends available at the time of writing.

Author assumes no liability for damages caused by relying on this information and encourages the reader to perform their own additional research.

Corrections and suggestions for improvement are welcome.

Please do not re-print, save paper.

You are invited to spread this freely via e-mail though.

Happy reading.

Harald Ibele

Indian Trail NC

February 2009

Overview Current consumption of energy Residential energy consumption Ways to reduce energy consumption Overview of available technologies: Solar PV Solar Thermal Geo Thermal Other Government support Q&A/open discussion

Current consumption of energy

Residential energy consumption

Ways to reduce energy consumption

Overview of available technologies:

Solar PV

Solar Thermal

Geo Thermal

Other

Government support

Q&A/open discussion

Dwindling Dwindling resources require efficient energy management. Dwindling energy resources combined with growth in electrical energy demand of 2.4% p.a. worldwide forces us to use energy wisely. Saving energy is becoming a standard issue for al industrial, commercial and household applications.

Dwindling resources require efficient energy management.

Dwindling energy resources combined with growth in electrical energy demand of 2.4% p.a. worldwide forces us to use energy wisely.

Saving energy is becoming a standard issue for al industrial, commercial and household applications.

Pollution Higher pollution, emissions and potential damage to the climate require "clean" solutions. Pollution, along with environmental and climate protection have become global concerns. Reducing pollution by minimizing energy wastage is becoming a standard requirement for all areas of life.

Higher pollution, emissions and potential damage to the climate require "clean" solutions.

Pollution, along with environmental and climate protection have become global concerns.

Reducing pollution by minimizing energy wastage is becoming a standard requirement for all areas of life.

International energy actions

Energy use by Type 1970 - 2025

US Energy Consumption

Where is energy used in US?

Efficency Burn Coal to heat water to drive turbine to generate electricity: Coal 31% efficient/Oil 36-40% Transmission line loss 7.2% Take electricity to heat up water in electric water heater 90%(60% gas) efficient

Burn Coal to heat water to drive turbine to generate electricity:

Coal 31% efficient/Oil 36-40%

Transmission line loss 7.2%

Take electricity to heat up water in electric water heater 90%(60% gas) efficient

Where can we safe?

Where does my money goes?

Where can we save? Where can we save? Costs Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements (10-30%) $ Heating/Cooling (60%) $$$ Hot Water (60%) $$ Lighting (75%) $ Standby Power and Electronics (50% $ Appliances (20-30%) $$ Modifying Habits, Awareness (10%) Free

Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements Analyze Electric bill for spikes April / October are the months with least heating / cooling load, this is the base Compare bill with utility calculator (i.e. Duke Power) Locate Air Leaks and seal (windows, doors) Check Attic insulation and add Check ductwork for leaks Insulate hot water heater and hot water line Caulk holes on outside of house Replace incandescent light bulbs with HIGH QUALITY Compact Fluorescent light bulbs

Analyze Electric bill for spikes

April / October are the months with least heating / cooling load, this is the base

Compare bill with utility calculator (i.e. Duke Power)

Locate Air Leaks and seal (windows, doors)

Check Attic insulation and add

Check ductwork for leaks

Insulate hot water heater and hot water line

Caulk holes on outside of house

Replace incandescent light bulbs with HIGH QUALITY Compact Fluorescent light bulbs

Improvement areas

Blower Door Test Testing the air tightness of a home using a special fan (blower door) can help to ensure that air sealing work is effective. Often required by energy efficiency incentive programs like DOE,EPA Energy Star Program.

Testing the air tightness of a home using a special fan (blower door) can help to ensure that air sealing work is effective.

Often required by energy efficiency incentive programs like DOE,EPA Energy Star Program.

IR Inspection

World renewable Energy * GWth ** Billion liters/year

What is Solar? Earth upper atmosphere receives more solar energy in one hour than worldwide energy consumption in one year 30% reflected back into space, rest absorbed by clouds, oceans, earth 1500W / m2 – 1000W at MSL 50% of heat (energy) stored in earth’s upper surface PV conversion efficiency currently 20% Experimental 25% Theoretical limit 29%

Earth upper atmosphere receives more solar energy in one hour than worldwide energy consumption in one year

30% reflected back into space, rest absorbed by clouds, oceans, earth

1500W / m2 – 1000W at MSL

50% of heat (energy) stored in earth’s upper surface

PV conversion efficiency currently 20%

Experimental 25%

Theoretical limit 29%

What is Solar Energy? PV – Solar Electric (photovoltaic) Solar Dish w/ Stirling engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity Solar Tower same as above Solar is 85 times as efficient as growing corn for ethanol

PV – Solar Electric (photovoltaic)

Solar Dish w/ Stirling engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work

Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity

Solar Tower same as above

Solar is 85 times as efficient as growing corn for ethanol

Where is PV installed?

Solar Dish with Stirling Engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work

Engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work

PV–Solar Electric (photovoltaic)

Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity

concentrates sunshine to heat liquid,

drive steam turbine and harvest electricity

Solar Tower with mirrors

Solar Radiation Map of US

World Solar Radiation Map 1TW = 1000GW, 1GW = 1000MW 1MW = 1000KW , 2004 / 14TW

How can I use solar? Direct Solar Sources: Solar PV for electricity Solar Thermal for hot water and hydronic Indirect Solar Sources: GeoThermal for heating / cooling, hot water, hydronic

Direct Solar Sources:

Solar PV for electricity

Solar Thermal for hot water and hydronic

Indirect Solar Sources:

GeoThermal for heating / cooling, hot water, hydronic

Solar PV – How it works?

Photoelectric effect

Example installation 5KW installation with SJC CA 36x165W panels 32cents feed-in tariff, 25yr lifespan, 6-8yrs amortization

5KW installation with SJC CA 36x165W panels

32cents feed-in tariff, 25yr lifespan, 6-8yrs amortization

Example installation

Example installation

Example installation

Cost for Solar PV Relatively expensive +-$4/W $6-8/W installed 30% Federal tax credit no cap 35% State tax credit up to $10,500 5 yr carryover out of pocket 35% Net metering $.19/KWh Federal loan guarantees

Relatively expensive +-$4/W

$6-8/W installed

30% Federal tax credit no cap

35% State tax credit up to $10,500

5 yr carryover

out of pocket 35%

Net metering $.19/KWh

Federal loan guarantees

What is SolarThermal? Systems: Flat plate collectors Thermosyphon Evacuated vacuum tubes They all use the greenhouse effect to trap heat and a copper conductor and liquid to transfer the heat Electric back-up 100% Hot water in summer, 60-70% year-round Hydronic

Systems:

Flat plate collectors

Thermosyphon

Evacuated vacuum tubes

They all use the greenhouse effect to trap heat and a copper conductor and liquid to transfer the heat

Electric back-up

100% Hot water in summer, 60-70% year-round

Hydronic

Solar Plate Collector

SPC – How it works

Thermosiphon

Cost for SolarThermal Depending on technology Evacuated tubes most efficient Summer 1.6x, winter .5x* Cost 2x Hotter water Works on cloudy days, UV Depending on size of household +-$6000 Tax credit up to $3400 Amortize in 3-5 years at no additional cost Reduce electric bill +- 15-20%

Depending on technology

Evacuated tubes most efficient

Summer 1.6x, winter .5x*

Cost 2x

Hotter water

Works on cloudy days, UV

Depending on size of household +-$6000

Tax credit up to $3400

Amortize in 3-5 years at no additional cost

Reduce electric bill +- 15-20%

Evacuated vacuum tubes

EVT – How it works

EVT – How it works

EVT – How it works

Hydronic

Hydronic – How it works

Cost for Hydronic $6-8 per square foot installed Tax rebates available Federal 30%, $2000 max State 35%, $3500 max Reduces heating expenses by 50%, Electric bill by 25% in winter, 15% avg

$6-8 per square foot installed

Tax rebates available

Federal 30%, $2000 max

State 35%, $3500 max

Reduces heating expenses by 50%,

Electric bill by 25% in winter, 15% avg

What is GeoThermal?

Geothermal Energy at Home

GeoThermal Map of US

US Ground temperatures

Cost for GeoThermal $4-6000 per ton Can be tied into existing HVAC ductwork 3.5x as efficient as air heat pump Reduces heating/cooling bill by 50-75% Tax credits available $2000 Federal, $3500 State

$4-6000 per ton

Can be tied into existing HVAC ductwork

3.5x as efficient as air heat pump

Reduces heating/cooling bill by 50-75%

Tax credits available

$2000 Federal, $3500 State

Additional energy sources Wind power Biomass Tidal power Corn ethanol (know as inefficient) Composting Recycling

Wind power

Biomass

Tidal power

Corn ethanol (know as inefficient)

Composting

Recycling

Overview Government support Federal Incentives up to 30% $2000 on select technologies No upper limit on PV NC incentives $1400-$10,500 Utility rebate programs Loan guarantees

Federal Incentives up to 30%

$2000 on select technologies

No upper limit on PV

NC incentives $1400-$10,500

Utility rebate programs

Loan guarantees

Outlook

Questions? Thank you for your attention! Do you have any questions?

Thank you for your attention!

Do you have any questions?