NIH Lecture Commercial Uses of Stem Cells

Flash Player 9 (or above) is needed to view presentations.
We have detected that you do not have it on your computer. To install it, go here.

more share options
Embed For WordPress.com

Without related presentations

Notes on slide 1

One“trigger” event was Dolly the Sheep in ‘96. Another was the “discovery” of iPS cells only a few years ago.

There are still a few clinical applications today. The primary source of transplantable material is Bone Marrow derived HSC. We need to do a lot of research before we strike it rich. We need to tools to find the gold.The business plan is analogous to being a “Hardware store” in a Gold mining town

So we’re going to discuss some of the tools of the trade, the picks and shovels and the commerce around them.I should add some of my personal bias, to be fair. My work and background is with Human Adult Stem Cells, so that is my focus. Specifically, I am focused on using whole afterbirth, not just the Cord Blood and Placental blood, but the whole organ: cord, amnion, and placental tissue as well as the blood components.Keep in mind that there are parallel paths, often more advanced, in non-human and veterinary model systems. There are also a number of areas, ex vivo expansion for example, that are much more detail for ES cells than adult cells.

The “grave diggers” and unethical morticians get a lot of press and attention and the damage these criminals do goes far beyond the corpses they’ve desecrated. It has perpetrated a myth that all stem cell research is illegal. That tissue banking is an unethical practice.There is a huge business in collecting tissues for organ transplantation and in performing transplants. But not all tissue consented for transplant can be matched with a suitable recipient. I like to think that research use fills a void for the grieving family, hoping make some good from their loss.The Organ and Tissue Act set conditions for tissue collection and the necessity of “informed consent.” GTP (Good Tissue Practices) analogous to GMP, regulates the storage and “quality” of tissues used in clinical applications.But any organ/tissue being used to isolate stem cells needs to be fresh, viable and free of contamination.And like I said, I am not an ES practitioner, so I am not raid IVF clinics waiting for cast offs, but I ask: what is wrong with saving these fertilized eggs from the autoclave and using them to save humanity from unnecessary pain and suffering?

Most OPOs and Tissue banks are “Non-Profits”, but this does not mean they’re not generating commerce and revenue and paying a lot of salaries. They serve a necessary a valuable purpose that is really just starting to be realized.

Look at this partial list of Accredited Tissue BanksSurgical resection includes adipose tissue from “tummy tucks” cosmetic surgery, cancerous tumors, normal tissue adjacent to a tumor in large organs like liver, brain and skin.

A typical Cord Blood collection kitDiscuss costs and benefit. Public Cord banking is the way to go. Save the Afterbirth!!DIY Regenerative Medicine, Open Science

MediStem ‘s regenerative endometrial cells.“Your Monthly Miracle”

Density Gradient sedimentation or centrifugation is the simplest, most broadly used preparative technique. Ficoll, Percoll, Lymphocyte separation medium, Hetastarch. Many examples from at least a dozen different sources.Minimal manipulation to keep within the GTP and not have to deal with more rigorous “GMP” regulations.

Miltenyi,LifeTech (Dynal beads), Stem Cell Technologies RoboSep

Overview of technologyWaters, BD, Coulter flow cytometers costs, reagents, disposables

And everything, virtually, has to be stored. Takes people, and computers and logistics, inventory control. And how much do you think each one of those MVE’s costs? And How much LN2 does it take to keep them full? Note the Controlled rate freezers. This is commerce. Manufacturing.

This is an area I am not going to go into a great level of detail, but these tools, picks and shovels, are perhaps some of the most important and some of the most versatile tools for the Stem Cell researcher. And believe me, you don ‘t want to see a Cell Culture guy out there bleeding goats to make their own antibodies.But look at the complexity of something as simple as DMEM. Still mostly bottled water.

Most involve the use of antibodies and expensive equipment.

chemical signals (polypeptide growth factors and cytokines) in the local tissue environment control growth and specialization of different cell types of the prostate, the liver, the vascular system and neural tissue. These signals determine the normal development and function of the tissues while aberrations result in tissue dysfunction and diseases, such as cancer, stroke, atherosclerosis, liver, and neural disease. These signaling systems which are comprised of a signal polypeptide from one cell type and a reception system on another are the basis for communication among cells in tissues, but also serve as sensors of signals like hormones and nutrients that come from outside the tissues. The cellular reception system for many signal polypeptides consists of a transmembrane protein whose external domain interacts with signal polypeptides and an intracellular domain which is a protein kinase enzyme which activates metabolic pathways that control cell growth, function, and gene expression.

NFT = neurofibrillary tanglestrkA = tyrosine kinaseThus, the phenomenon of apoptosis, that is central to the Neurotrophic Factor Hypothesis, was first observed in the context of the discovery of NGF and its role on differentiation and survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system [70,71]. During development, neurotrophins regulate neuronal survival and differentiation, and determine the pattern of innervation and the expression of proteins that are crucial to a specific neuronal phenotype, like neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. According to the neurotrophic hypothesis, the correct pattern of innervation is dependent upon competition of developing neurons for a limited supply of growth factors secreted by target tissues, thus ensuring a balance between the number of neurons and the size of the innervated targetexcitotoxicitydue to overactivation of glutamate receptors represents a final common pathway for both acute neurological disorders, such as stroke, trauma and epileptic seizures, and chronic neurodegenerations like AD

1 Favorite

nanog favorited this 1 month ago

NIH Lecture Commercial Uses of Stem Cells - Presentation Transcript

Commercial Applications of Stem Cells
NIH Workshop Lecture
Bethesda, Md Oct 8th, 2009
By: Jim Hardy
President & CSO HemaCell Perfusion, Inc.
Background
Wittenberg University
University of Rochester
BRL/Life Technologies, Inc.
BP Solar
In Vitro Technologies
Gahaga & HemaCell Perfusion @ FITCI
Stem Cell Market Projections and Time Line
RegMed 2.0
USD (millions)
1961: Canadians Jim Till & Ernest McCulloch prove the existence of stem cells (Nature 1963)
1978: Hematopoietic SC discovered in UCB
1981: mouse ES cells isolated
1988: HSC isolated from blood
1992: Adult neural SC discovered
1994: first Cancer SC discovered
1996: Dolly the Sheep
1998: first human ES line
from the Stem Cell Summit 2007 Fact Sheet: http://www.stemcellsummit.com/2007/stem-cell-fact-sheet.pdf
The Gartner “Hype Cycle”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gartner_Hype_Cycle.svg
Commercial Applications of Stem Cells
Picks and Shovels
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Cell Culture medium, Growth factors, cytokines, ECM proteins
The challenges of ex vivo expansion
QC Testing, characterization
Stem cells in Drug Discovery
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Video About Organ & Tissue collection
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Accredited Tissue Banks
Whole Organs-Transplant grade
Surgical resection
Birthing centers, mid-wives
Live donor, bone-marrow, blood collection
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
- Density Gradient centrifugation
- Immuno magnetic separation
- Flow cytometry
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Immuno magnetic separation
http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/Stemcell/NN_736_MACS_Cell_Separation_the_principle_1.aspx#1
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Cell Sorting by Flow cytometry
Tissue sourcing, collection, isolation and banking
Vita34, Leipzig DE http://www.vita34.de/vita/en/laboratory.php?navanchor=2110006
Cell Culture medium, Growth factors, cytokines, ECM proteins
26.2 mM Na Bicarbonate
21 mM HEPES
2.2 mM Fructose
2 mg/mL BSA
10.7 g/mL L-Alanine (free base)
18.0 g/mL L-Asparagine –H2O
16.0 g/mL L-Aspartic Acid
17.6 g/mL L-Glutamic Acid
9.0 g/mLGlycine
13.8 g/mL L-Proline
12.6 g/mL L-Serine
135 fM Insulin
2.4 M hydrocortisone
10 % (v/v) serum
Antibiotic Mix:
2.04 % (v/v) Pen-Strep
0.05 mg/mL Gentamicin
0.05 mg/mL Amikacin
0.20 % (v/v) Fungizone
Cell Culture medium, Growth factors, cytokines, ECM proteins
The challenges of ex vivo expansion
The challenges of ex vivo expansion
The challenges of ex vivo expansion
Hollow Fiber Bioreactors: Fiber Cell Systems
QC Testing & characterization (……briefly)
- Microscopy
- Flow cytometry
- Differentiation and function
- Proteomics
- MicroArrays
FORM-FIT-FUNCTION: Manufactured Parts
Stem cells in Drug Discovery
As a replacement for Primary Cells
Skin: Wound healing & absorption models
Bone, cartilage
Hepatocytes
Renal cells
Circulatory
Cardiomyocytes
Neurons
Pulmonary cells
In vitro models for metabolic homeostasis & Organogenesis
Demonstrate a “stimulation” of injury & repair mechanisms
Inhibition of necrosis/apoptosis
Tissue specific developmental pathways
Cancer Stem Cells
Alzheimer's Disease and neurodegeneration:
The modular systems biology approach to investigate the control of apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, BMC Neurosci. 2006; 7(Suppl 1): S2.
Some of the Players
If there is time
Another video
http://biobusiness.tv/videos/201
Conclusions
A business can be built around manufacturing almost any of the tools for Stem Cell research which precedes clinical testing.
Stem Cell research holds the promise of a new era in medicine, a Gold Rush of sorts.
Before any EUREKA moment, researchers are going to need picks and shovels to find the Gold.
In other words, before the FDA approves the use of manipulated cells for therapeutic purposes, investigators will need to completely understand the systems they’re working with .