1. Collective Behavior
and Social Movements

2. Collective Behavior
and Social Movements
• Definition
• Characteristics
• Conditions
• Factors
• Theories
• Crowds
• Types of Crowds
• Mass
• Types of Mass Behavior
• Social Movements
• Types of Social Movements

3. Collective Behavior:
Definition
• Voluntary, often
spontaneous activity
that is engaged in by a
large number of people

4. Collective Behavior:
Characteristics
• Represent the actions
of groups of people, not
individuals
• Exhibit patterned
behavior that are
usually highly emotional
• Often associated with
effort to achieve social
change

5. Collective Behavior:
Conditions
• Precipitating incidents
• Generalized belief of
what is wrong
• Mobilization

6. Collective Behavior:
Factors
• Feeling of normlessness
• Breakdown of social
control
• Timing

7. Collective Behavior:
Theories
• Emergent Norm Theory
– postulates that people
faced with an unusual
situation can direct a
movement
• Value Added Theory
• – agents of social
control conducive to
collective actions must
be present for collective
behavior to occur

8. Collective Behavior:
Crowd
• A relatively large
number of people who
are in one another’s
immediate vicinity

9. Collective Behavior:
Types of Crowd
• Casual Crowd – people
who happen to be in
the same place at the
same time who share a
momentary interest

10. Collective Behavior:
Types of Crowd
• Conventional Crowd –
people who come
together for a
scheduled event sharing
a common focus

11. Collective Behavior:
Types of Crowd
• Expressive Crowd –
people releasing similar
emotions

12. Collective Behavior:
Types of Crowd
• Acting Crowd– people
who are emotionally
focused erupting into
violent behavior

13. Collective Behavior:
Types of Crowd
• Protest Crowd – people
who engage in activities
intended to achieve
political goals, generally
non-violent

14. Collective Behavior:
Mass
• A number of people
who share a common
interest in a specific
idea or issue, but not in
one another’s vicinity

15. Collective Behavior:
Types of Mass Behavior
• Rumors/Gossips –
unverified information
that thrive in times of
uncertainty

16. Collective Behavior:
Types of Mass Behavior
• Public Opinion –
attitudes/beliefs
communicated by
ordinary citizens to
decision-makers

17. Collective Behavior:
Types of Mass Behavior
• Mass Hysteria – intense,
fearful reaction to a
perceived threat

18. Collective Behavior:
Types of Mass Behavior
• Fads/Fashions –
periodic popularity of
styles

19. Social Movements:
Definition
• Most organized form of
collective behavior that
acts to promote or
resist change

20. Social Movements:
Theories
• Resource Mobilization –
people organize
movements by using
knowledge, skills &
money
• Political Process –
movements exploit social
structural opportunities
• New Social Movement –
new forces of identity are
created as people
participate in movements

21. Social Movements:
Elements
• Precipitating incident
• Pre-existing grievance
• Pre-existing
communication
network
• Ability to mobilize

22. Social Movements:
Stages
• Preliminary Stage –
people become aware of
a threatening problem
• Coalescence Stage –
people begin to organize
and start making the
threat known to the
public
• Institutionalization Stage
– organizational structure
develops

23. Social Movements:
Types
• Social Movements –
seek limited change in
some aspects of
people’s behavior

24. Social Movements:
Types
• Reform Movements –
seek to improve society
by changing an aspect
of the social structure

25. Social Movements:
Types
• Resistance Movements
– seek to prevent or
undo change that has
already occurred

26. Social Movements:
Types
• Revolutionary
Movements – seek to
bring about a total
change in society

27. Social Movements:
Types
• Religious Movements –
seek to produce radical
change in individuals by
establishing a
spiritual/religious
system

28. Collective Behavior &
Social Movements
A Report by Jose Radin
L. Garduque in MAT
Soc. Sci. class of Prof.
Josan Dela Cruz
Borres in Filamer
Christian University,
Roxas City (First
Semester, A.Y. 2013-
2014)