پیشکشیں عام طور پر مظاہرے، تعارف، لیکچر، یا تقریر ہوتی ہیں جن کا مقصد مطلع کرنا، قائل کرنا، حوصلہ افزائی کرنا، حوصلہ افزائی کرنا، خیر سگالی بنانا، یا کوئی نیا خیال/مصنوع پیش کرنا ہے۔ پیشکشوں میں عام طور پر تیاری، تنظیم، پروگرام کی منصوبہ بندی، تحریر، بصری امداد کا استعمال، تناؤ سے نمٹنے اور سوالات کے جوابات کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

3. Collective Behaviour
 Concept of collective behaviour?
 Def. of collective behaviour?
 Example of collective behaviour?
 Type of collective behaviour?
 Characteristics of collective Behaviour?
 Conclusion?

4. Concept of collective behaviour
The term collective behaviour refers to group
behaviour that is apparently not guided by usual
norm of conduct.
Collective behavior is any group behavior that is
not mandated or regulated by an institution.
EXAMPLE: if we consider a normal classroom
situation in a university student arrive more or less
in time they seat themselves in order way they
listen lecture and take notes and finally leave the
class room but suppose a fire suddenly break into
the class room. Confusion prevail every where.

5. Defination of collective behaviour
• It is unaccepted behaviour of the people
• The behaviour of individuals under the
impulse that is common and collective.
• The sequences and patterns of interactions
that emerge in a problematic situation
Example social movement, strike, student
unions ,administration etc.

6. Example of collective behaviour
• Examples of collective behavior may include a
crowd doing the wave at a football game, a
group of people forming around a street
preacher, or even widespread interest in a
new fad or product, like silly bands.

7. Type of collective behaviour
•Crowd Behavior
•Mass Behavior
•Public Opinion

8. Form of Crowd behaviour
• Crowd
• Audience
• Riots
• Panic
• Mobs

9. Form of Mass behaviour
• Rumors
• Fashion
• Mass hysteria
• Craze
Form of Public opinion
• Public
• Propaganda
• Social work

10. 1-Crowd behaviour
The definition of crowd behavior is the conduct or actions of a group of
people who gather temporarily to focus on the same event. example;
a group of over 100 people who marched together in a protest to defend
animal rights.
2- Mass behaviour
Mass is not a like of crowd. Mass behaviour is unorganized, unstructured,
uncoordinated, individually chosen by a behaviour of masses example;
the people watching a cricket match in the playground are crowd but those
who are watching this match at home in television are mass.
3-Public opinion
The word public is generally refer to a large group of people. Public refers to
a rather loosely organized and conjoined grouping of people with a common
interest Media is the most important instrument in this behaviour example;
People working on road, gathering mosque for prayer.

11. • Crowd
Crowd is temporarily a large number of people gather
around reacting on the same motivation on a particular
period or duration
• Audience
Audience refers to a group of individuals attending to a
common media. Audience receive communication from
the same source, but are not active participants and do
not communicate with each other.

12. • Riots
A riot is the action of a violating aggressive
,destructive crowd it may lead to violate act
against any object.
• Panic
panic is an attempt to flee from an imagine or
real threat
• Mobs
A mob is a hostile outbrust of people.

13. Forms of Mass behaviour
• Rumors
Rapidly spreading reports unconfirmed by facts
• Fashion
Currently accepted style of appearance and behaviour
• Mass hysteria
Short lived variation in speech decoration or behaviour
• Craze
Mobilization for action based on positive wish fulfillment
believe

14. Forms of Public opinion
• Public
A public is that form of collectivity which
include a number of dispersed and non
organized individuals
• Propaganda
To influence public opinion
• Social movements
A collective effort to promote or resist change

15. Characteristics of collective Behaviour
• collective behaviour is temporary in nature
and it is entirely an unplanned one
• Unstable
• Unstructured
• Irrational
• Emotional
• Non tradional

16. Conclusion
Collective behavior is when events and social processes
emerge but lack structure or organization. These are
spontaneous in nature and are often short-lived.
Collective behavior has no clear social boundaries
anyone can be a member of the collective, while group
membership is usually more discriminating. Collective
behavior generates weak and unconventional norms,
while groups tend to have stronger and more
conventional norm