1. Mission Ioxus, Inc. develops, manufactures and commercializes innovative ultracapacitor technologies to serve a wide range of power delivery and energy storage markets © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Ioxus Quick Bio © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. What is an EDLC? An EDLC is a device that has higher power density than batteries and much higher energy density than other types of capacitors EDLCs operate in the 0 – 2.7 VDC range © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. What is a P-EDLC? P-EDLCs are a hybrid between an EDLC and a lithium ion battery in a single cell P-EDLCs have more energy storage than EDLCs P-EDLCs operate in the 0 – 2.3 VDC range P-EDLCs have twice the capacitance of EDLCs with the same physical dimensions © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. How does an EDLC work? EDLCs store energy by polarizing an ionic solution at the surfaces of highly porous carbon electrodes Nanoscale charge separation coupled with enormous surface area, makes multiFarad capacitors possible Ioxus Electrode at 1000X © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. What does it do? EDLCs provide sustained power output when demand changes abruptly, such as when accelerating in an electric vehicle EDLCs can absorb current much faster than batteries, allowing them to fully charge in seconds to minutes Low internal resistance makes EDLCs much more powerful and efficient that batteries © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. How do I use it? A single EDLC cell operates in the 0 – 2.7 VDC range, so they must be connected in series to meet higher working voltages, much like cells are serially connected in a storage battery A pack of EDLC cells connected in parallel to a DC voltage source will act as a low pass filter, absorbing current spikes while keeping voltage from changing quickly © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Why Ioxus EDLCs? Ioxus cells provide more power per unit of mass than any other brand of EDLC Ioxus is the only EDLC manufacturer in the United States that makes its own electrode Ioxus can make custom tailored solutions for applications with innovative package design Ioxus cells are environmentally friendly and RoHS compliant © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Very Low Maintenance EDLCs are rated for 500,000+ full charge and full discharge cycles P-EDLCs are rated for 20,000+ cycles Once they are installed, they are maintenance free for a 10 year or longer service life © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Energy Harvesting EDLCs have charge-to-discharge efficiencies above 90% over a large temperature and power range making them perfect for energy storage in off-grid renewable energy powered applications Batteries have charge-to-discharge efficiencies of 60% or less, depending on conditions © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Battery vs. Battery + EDLCs Battery Current Forklift Application A single lift in this example draws over 700A peak from a battery When a bank of EDLCs is connected in parallel with the battery, the current spikes are smoothed out and magnitude is reduced Discharge curve of an Ioxus EERS in a material handling application © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Power Factor Correction EDLCs can be used to limit the effects of reactive loads on the power grid All 4 quadrants of apparent power can be actively controlled to move the power factor close to unity Source: EESAT 2005 “Transmission Ultracapacitor Utilizing ETO and UCAP,” S. Attcity, et al © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Concentrated Solar Tracking Concentrated solar collectors need to be constantly repositioned to face the sun EDLCs can provide the momentary power needed to move the actuators The collectors can be repositioned at the end of the day without power input from collector or power grid © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. Distributed Energy Harvesting EDLCs can provide a variable energy buffer for renewable energy powered structures Compact wind turbines can provide energy from updrafts for lighting, recharging electric vehicles, etc. Parking Garage Lighting Wind Turbines EDLCs © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

16. What does the future hold? Ioxus R&D is working in many areas Better packaging that what is commercially available Greater power and energy density in cells New material developments for cell construction and device packaging Innovative system integration and power electronics Higher working voltages at the component level Patentable industry changing technologies © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.

17. Contact Ioxus +1 877-751-4222 chall@ioxus.com Tel: 607-433-9011 x 205 mtentnowski@ioxus.com Tel: 607-433-9011 x 210 teilertsen@ioxus.com Tel: 607-433-9011 x 204 15 years of engineering leadership; primarily responsible for dramatic improvements to manufacturing operations 17 years of Marketing and Business Development of high-tech companies and products; National Lab technology commercialization 30 years as Research Engineer; instrumental in pioneering new technologies; developed original concepts that expand electrochemical voltage limits for EDLCs © 2007-2009 Ioxus, Inc. All rights reserved.