How Do I Unix
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A quick introduction to the history of unix, where to find unix now, some common command line command and how to link commands together to solve problems.
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How Do I Unix
- 1. HOW DO I UNIX ? DEREK GRAHAM
- 4. UNIX PROJECT GOALS ▸ performance ▸ reliability ▸ multi-user ▸ security ▸ admin abilities ▸ ordinary user abilities ▸ “portable”
- 7. TEXT
- 12. SO FROM NOW ON… LINUX == UNIX
- 13. SO WHAT ACTUALLY IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? AN OPERATING SYSTEM IS…
- 14. SO WHAT ACTUALLY IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? AN OPERATING SYSTEM IS… ▸ the invisible software that tells the hardware what to do ▸ understands keyboard and mouse ▸ draws on the screen ▸ reads and writes to disk ▸ reads and write to network ▸ decides which program runs when ▸ decides how programs work together
- 15. SO WHAT ACTUALLY IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? IT ISN’T… ▸ anything you can see ▸ anything you can touch ▸ a command line ▸ the windows on your screen
- 16. QUIZ TIME WHICH THINGS ARE UNIX?
- 42. WHERE IS UNIX MAJORITY OF WEB SERVERS ▸ Amazon ▸ Flickr ▸ Paypal ▸ Wikipedia ▸ Facebook ▸ Youtube
- 44. DISTROS DESKTOP AND LAPTOP UNIX ▸ Ubuntu ▸ Fedora ▸ Debian (& Raspbian) ▸ Mint ▸ Elementary ▸ BSD
- 45. TEXT
- 50. GETTING THINGS DONE GUIS ARE ALL THE SAME ▸ Web browser ▸ Email ▸ All the “normal” applications ▸ Personal preference
- 51. GETTING THINGS DONE WHERE UNIX SHINES… ▸ command line tools ▸ shell scripting ▸ compose simple programs together to make complicated ones
- 52. GETTING THINGS DONE COMMAND LINE PHILOSOPHY ▸ A program should do one thing and do it well ▸ A program’s output will be the input to another program ▸ A program should use text streams for input and output ▸ Text is the universal interface ▸ Don’t clutter output with extra information
- 53. GETTING THINGS DONE GOTCHAS ▸ case is important ▸ windows paths use ▸ unix paths use / ▸ why do web addresses use / ? ▸ commands can be difficult to remember ▸ arguments can be worse!
- 55. GETTING THINGS DONE MOVING AROUND ▸ where am i ? - pwd ▸ change directory - cd ▸ what’s in this directory ? ls
- 56. GETTING THINGS DONE FILES ▸ print a file to screen - cat <filename> ▸ copy file - cp <from> <to> ▸ move file - mv <from> <to> ▸ find a file - find . -name “*.txt” ▸ search inside files - grep ‘hello’ *.txt ▸ manipulate text - sed
- 57. GETTING THINGS DONE DIRECTORIES ▸ create a directory - mkdir <directory> ▸ delete empty directory - rmdir <directory> ▸ permanently delete !!! - rm <file or directory> ▸ there is no recycle bin !!!
- 58. GETTING THINGS DONE DOWNLOAD A FILE ▸ wget http://mywebsite.com/mypicture.jpg
- 59. GETTING THINGS DONE REDIRECTING WITH < > AND I ▸ chain simple utilities together in interesting ways ▸ stdin is the command line ▸ stdout is the screen ▸ ls . stdin is . stdout is the screen ▸ ls . > list.txt stdout is now a file ▸ ls -l | grep hello stdout goes to input of grep ▸ very fast - unix handles plumbing between programs
- 60. GETTING THINGS DONE SEARCH FOR FILES ▸ ls lists files ▸ grep searches text and prints results ▸ sort orders the results ▸ ls -l | grep hello | sort -r
- 61. GETTING THINGS DONE HOW MANY TIMES DOES A WORD APPEAR IN A FILE? ▸ wget https://www.gutenberg.org/files/102/102-0.txt ▸ cat 102-0.txt | grep -c Wilson
- 62. GETTING THINGS DONE WHAT IS THE MOST POPULAR WORD IN A BOOK? ▸ cat 102-0.txt | (type out the content of the file ) ▸ tr -cs A-Za-z 'n' | (put each word on a new line) ▸ tr A-Z a-z | (convert everything to lower case) ▸ sort | (sort alphabetically) ▸ uniq -c | (remove duplicates but count how many there were) ▸ sort -rn (sort in descending order) ▸ head -n 1 (take the first item from the list)
- 64. GETTING THINGS DONE SECURITY AND SUDO ▸ Files are not executable by default ▸ Unix has a lot of power if you need it ▸ Users do not have super powers ▸ You need to be an admin to use super powers ▸ Super User DO
- 65. GETTING THINGS DONE HELP !!!!! ▸ Man pages are your friend ! ▸ man ls ▸ man pwd ▸ q to quit
- 67. TEXT