Rapid Prototyping Vanessa Allen Debbi Canavan Kelly Smith

History of Rapid Prototyping Originated in 1960s in manufacturing industry with the development of computer controlled tools

Originated in 1960s in manufacturing industry with the development of computer controlled tools

History of Rapid Prototyping Originated in 1960s in manufacturing industry with the development of computer controlled tools 1970s brought the creation of mathematical 3D solid models and the first Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems

Originated in 1960s in manufacturing industry with the development of computer controlled tools

1970s brought the creation of mathematical 3D solid models and the first Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems

History of Rapid Prototyping 1980s Introduction of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF); Rapid Prototyping is used in many manufacturing processes

1980s Introduction of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF); Rapid Prototyping is used in many manufacturing processes

History of Rapid Prototyping 1980s Introduction of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF); Rapid Prototyping is used in many manufacturing processes From 1980s, Rapid Prototyping is also used throughout most software development design

1980s Introduction of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF); Rapid Prototyping is used in many manufacturing processes

From 1980s, Rapid Prototyping is also used throughout most software development design

History of Rapid Prototyping 1990s Incorporated RP strategies into business management programs; corporations use statistical analysis with the feedback data to allow for more rapid process changes (Business combined W. Edward Deming’s Total Quality Management theory with industry’s Rapid Prototyping in developing this application process.)

1990s Incorporated RP strategies into business management programs; corporations use statistical analysis with the feedback data to allow for more rapid process changes

(Business combined W. Edward Deming’s Total Quality Management theory with industry’s Rapid Prototyping in developing this application process.)

Historical Uses of Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing New products Improve parts & efficiency Computer Software Design Business processes Six Sigma & Lean Six Sigma Action Workout (USAF developed) Training – Technical & HR

Manufacturing

New products

Improve parts & efficiency

Computer Software Design

Business processes

Six Sigma & Lean Six Sigma

Action Workout (USAF developed)

Training – Technical & HR

Implementing Rapid Prototyping in Instructional Design Considered either a “technique or model” (Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Considered either a “technique or model”

(Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Implementing Rapid Prototyping in Instructional Design Considered either a “technique or model” Allows client to have a piece of a training product (Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Considered either a “technique or model”

Allows client to have a piece of a training product

(Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Implementing Rapid Prototyping in Instructional Design Considered either a “technique or model” Allows client to have a piece of a training product Saves money and time on revisions (Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Considered either a “technique or model”

Allows client to have a piece of a training product

Saves money and time on revisions

(Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Implementing Rapid Prototyping in Instructional Design Considered either a “technique or model” Allows client to have a piece of a training product Saves money and time on revisions Problems immediately addressed and corrected before final product stage (Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Considered either a “technique or model”

Allows client to have a piece of a training product

Saves money and time on revisions

Problems immediately addressed and corrected before final product stage

(Piskurich, as stated in Lee et al, EdProjects Online )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition 3. preliminary design ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

3. preliminary design

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition 3. preliminary design 4. detailed design ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

3. preliminary design

4. detailed design

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition 3. preliminary design 4. detailed design 5. code implementation ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

3. preliminary design

4. detailed design

5. code implementation

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition 3. preliminary design 4. detailed design 5. code implementation 6. test and acceptance ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

3. preliminary design

4. detailed design

5. code implementation

6. test and acceptance

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Classic Approach (the waterfall cycle) 1. concept definition 2. requirements definition 3. preliminary design 4. detailed design 5. code implementation 6. test and acceptance 7. [griping] ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. requirements definition

3. preliminary design

4. detailed design

5. code implementation

6. test and acceptance

7. [griping]

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system 3. user evaluation & concept refinement ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

3. user evaluation & concept refinement

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 4. implementation of refined requirements ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

3. user evaluation & concept refinement

4. implementation of refined requirements

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 4. implementation of refined requirements 5. user evaluation & concept refinement ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

3. user evaluation & concept refinement

4. implementation of refined requirements

5. user evaluation & concept refinement

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 4. implementation of refined requirements 5. user evaluation & concept refinement 6. implementation of refined requirements ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

3. user evaluation & concept refinement

4. implementation of refined requirements

5. user evaluation & concept refinement

6. implementation of refined requirements

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Rapid Prototyping (the spiral cycle) 1. concept definition 2. implementation of a skeletal system 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 4. implementation of refined requirements 5. user evaluation & concept refinement 6. implementation of refined requirements 7. allow for continuing feedback ( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

1. concept definition

2. implementation of a skeletal system

3. user evaluation & concept refinement

4. implementation of refined requirements

5. user evaluation & concept refinement

6. implementation of refined requirements

7. allow for continuing feedback

( http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/rapid_definition.html )

Paper Airplane 1. concept definition Create a model plane out of 1 sheet of regular paper that will glide (fly) through the air for several seconds.

Create a model plane out of 1 sheet of regular paper that will glide (fly) through the air for several seconds.

Paper Airplane 2. implementation of skeletal system (instructions) Fold one corner of an 8½ x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side. Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side. Create a fold down the center of the page. Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold. Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body. Fly the plane!

Fold one corner of an 8½ x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Create a fold down the center of the page.

Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold.

Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body.

Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 3-1. Is the process clear? not very (hard to follow) somewhat (some clear, some not) mostly (only needs slight modification) very clear (no changes needed)

3-1. Is the process clear?

not very (hard to follow)

somewhat (some clear, some not)

mostly (only needs slight modification)

very clear (no changes needed)

Paper Airplane 3. user evaluation & concept refinement 3-2. How can the process best be improved? break into more steps/procedures refined the directions (clarify) add illustrations no changes needed

3-2. How can the process best be improved?

break into more steps/procedures

refined the directions (clarify)

add illustrations

no changes needed

Paper Airplane 3. user evaluation & concept refinement—RESULTS 3-1. Is the process clear? 3-2. How can the process best be improved?

3-1. Is the process clear?

3-2. How can the process best be improved?

Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side. b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45-degree angle to the opposite side. Paper Airplane 4. implementation of refined requirements (instructions)

Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45-degree angle to the opposite side.

c. Create a fold down the center of the page. d. Fold each wing 1/2 of an inch above the middle fold. Paper Airplane 4. implementation of refined requirements (instructions)

c. Create a fold down the center of the page.

d. Fold each wing 1/2 of an inch above the middle fold.

e. Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body. f. Fly the plane! Paper Airplane 4. implementation of refined requirements (instructions)

e. Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body.

f. Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 5. user evaluation & concept refinement 5-1. Is the process clear? not very (hard to follow) somewhat (some clear, some not) mostly (only needs slight modification) very clear (no changes needed)

5-1. Is the process clear?

not very (hard to follow)

somewhat (some clear, some not)

mostly (only needs slight modification)

very clear (no changes needed)

Paper Airplane 5. user evaluation & concept refinement 5-2. How can the process best be improved? break into more steps/procedures refined the directions (clarify) refine illustrations or add photos no changes needed

5-2. How can the process best be improved?

break into more steps/procedures

refined the directions (clarify)

refine illustrations or add photos

no changes needed

Paper Airplane 5. user evaluation & concept refinement—RESULTS 5-1. Is the process clear? 5-2. How can the process best be improved?

5-1. Is the process clear?

5-2. How can the process best be improved?

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) a. Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) a. Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) a. Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) a. Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) a. Fold one corner of an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet of paper at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) b. Fold the opposite corner at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) c. Create a fold down the center of the page.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) c. Create a fold down the center of the page.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) c. Create a fold down the center of the page.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) c. Create a fold down the center of the page.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) d. Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) d. Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) d. Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) d. Fold each wing ½ of an inch above the middle fold.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) e. Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) e. Straighten the wings so that they are perpendicular to the body.

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) f. Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) f. Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) f. Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 6. implementation of refined requirements (instructions) f. Fly the plane!

Paper Airplane 7. user evaluation for continual refinement and improvement 7-1. Is the process clear? not very (hard to follow) somewhat (some clear, some not) mostly (only needs slight modification) very clear (no changes needed)

7-1. Is the process clear?

not very (hard to follow)

somewhat (some clear, some not)

mostly (only needs slight modification)

very clear (no changes needed)

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks

1. define concepts and tasks

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks implement basic procedure/instructions

1. define concepts and tasks

implement basic procedure/instructions

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks 2. implement basic procedure/instructions 3. get user input & revise

1. define concepts and tasks

2. implement basic procedure/instructions

3. get user input & revise

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks 2. implement basic procedure/instructions 3. get user input & revise 4. implement revised procedure/instructions

1. define concepts and tasks

2. implement basic procedure/instructions

3. get user input & revise

4. implement revised procedure/instructions

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks 2. implement basic procedure/instructions 3. get user input & revise 4. implement revised procedure/instructions 5. get user input & revise again

1. define concepts and tasks

2. implement basic procedure/instructions

3. get user input & revise

4. implement revised procedure/instructions

5. get user input & revise again

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks 2. implement basic procedure/instructions 3. get user input & revise 4. implement revised procedure/instructions 5. get user input & revise again 6. implement revised procedure/instructions

1. define concepts and tasks

2. implement basic procedure/instructions

3. get user input & revise

4. implement revised procedure/instructions

5. get user input & revise again

6. implement revised procedure/instructions

Rapid Prototyping – Summary 1. define concepts and tasks 2. implement basic procedure/instructions 3. get user input & revise 4. implement revised procedure/instructions 5. get user input & revise again 6. implement revised procedure/instructions 7. allow for continuing input/feedback

1. define concepts and tasks

2. implement basic procedure/instructions

3. get user input & revise

4. implement revised procedure/instructions

5. get user input & revise again

6. implement revised procedure/instructions

7. allow for continuing input/feedback

Rapid Prototyping 1. Which process was the most clear? a. instructions only (1 st set) b. instructions & diagrams (2 nd set) c. pictures (3 rd set) d. none of these were very clear

1. Which process was the most clear?

a. instructions only (1 st set)

b. instructions & diagrams (2 nd set)

c. pictures (3 rd set)

d. none of these were very clear

Rapid Prototyping 2. Did this exercise help you understand what RP is and how it can be used? a. not really / not sure b. somewhat c. mostly d. yes, definitely

2. Did this exercise help you understand what RP is and how it can be used?

a. not really / not sure

b. somewhat

c. mostly

d. yes, definitely

Rapid Prototyping RESULTS Which process was the most clear? Did this exercise help you understand what RP is and how it can be used?

Which process was the most clear?

Did this exercise help you understand what RP is and how it can be used?

References Lee, J., Floyd, J., Kimmons, R., Benton, T., & Kim, Y. S. (2008). Rapid prototyping and instructional design. EdProjects Online. Retrieved on January 31, 2009, from http://edprojectsonline.com/?q=content/rpisd/implementing-rp-instructional-design Hoffman, J., & Margerum-Leys, J. (n.d.) Rapid prototyping as an instructional design . Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/

Lee, J., Floyd, J., Kimmons, R., Benton, T., & Kim, Y. S. (2008). Rapid prototyping and instructional design. EdProjects Online. Retrieved on January 31, 2009, from http://edprojectsonline.com/?q=content/rpisd/implementing-rp-instructional-design

Hoffman, J., & Margerum-Leys, J. (n.d.) Rapid prototyping as an instructional design . Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmargeru/prototyping/

Other Resources E-Learning Concepts and Techniques . (2006). Retrieved January 26, 2009, from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Institute for Interactive Technologies website: http://iit.bloomu.edu/Spring2006_eBook_files/index.htm Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping. (n.d.) Wikipedia. Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_Prototyping Joiner, B. L. (1994). Fourth generation management; the new business consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Piskurich, G. M. (2000). Rapid instructional design: learning ID fast and right. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Scholtes, P. R., & Joiner Associates (1988). The Team Handbook . Wilson, B. G., Jonassen, D. H., & Cole, P. (1993). Cognitive approaches to instructional design. In G. M. Piskurich(Ed.), The ASTD handbook of instructional technology . Retrieved January 27, 2009, from University of Colorado at Denver website: http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~bwilson/training.html

E-Learning Concepts and Techniques . (2006). Retrieved January 26, 2009, from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Institute for Interactive Technologies website: http://iit.bloomu.edu/Spring2006_eBook_files/index.htm

Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping. (n.d.) Wikipedia. Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_Prototyping

Joiner, B. L. (1994). Fourth generation management; the new business consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Piskurich, G. M. (2000). Rapid instructional design: learning ID fast and right. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Scholtes, P. R., & Joiner Associates (1988). The Team Handbook .

Wilson, B. G., Jonassen, D. H., & Cole, P. (1993). Cognitive approaches to instructional design. In G. M. Piskurich(Ed.), The ASTD handbook of instructional technology . Retrieved January 27, 2009, from University of Colorado at Denver website: http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~bwilson/training.html

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