My presentation about the measurement of energy efficiency savings held in Bruxelles on June 10th at the conference "Applying common methods and principles for calculating the impact of energy efficiency obligations schemes or other policy measures under Article 7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive" organized by the EU JRC. Issues and opportunities are summarized, together with the Italian experience linked to the white certificate scheme.

1. How to assess energy
efficiency savings: the
Italian experience
Dario Di Santo, FIRE
Bruxelles, 10 June 2015

2. 2
www.fire-italia.org
The Italian Federation for the Rational use
of Energy is a no-profit association founded
in 1987 that promotes energy efficiency,
supporting energy manager, ESCOs and other
companies dealing with energy.
Besides the activities directed to its nearly
450 members, FIRE operates under an
implementing agreement with the Ministry of
Economic Development to manage the Italian
energy manager network since 1992.
In order to promote energy efficiency FIRE
cooperates and deals with public authorities,
energy technology and service companies,
consultants, medium and large consumers,
universities and associations to promote best
practices and improve the legislation.
FIRE manages SECEM - an accredited body - to
certify the Energy management experts
according to the standard UNI CEI 11339.
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency

3. 3
445 members in 2014, 228 persons
and 217 organizations.
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency
Some members of FIRE:
A2A calore e servizi S.r.l. - ABB S.p.a. - Acea S.p.a. - Albapower S.p.a. -
Anigas - Atlas Copco S.p.a. - Avvenia S.r.l. - AXPO S.p.a. - Banca d’Italia -
Banca Popolare di Sondrio - Bit Energia S.r.l. - Bosh Energy and Building
Solution Italy S.r.l. - Bticino S.p.a. - Burgo Group S.p.a. - Cabot Italiana
S.p.a. - Carraro S.p.a. - Centria S.p.a. - Certiquality S.r.l. - Cofely Italia
S.p.a. - Comau S.p.a. - Comune di Aosta - CONI Servizi S.p.a. - CONSIP
S.p.a. - Consul System S.r.l. - CPL Concordia Soc. Coop - Comitato
Termotecnico Italiano - DNV S.r.l. - Egidio Galbani S.p.a. - ENEL
Distribuzione S.p.a. - ENEL Energia S.p.a. - ENEA - ENI S.p.a. - Fenice
S.p.a. - Ferriere Nord S.p.a. - Fiat Group Automobiles - Fiera Milano S.p.a. -
FINCO - FIPER - GSE S.p.a. - Guerrato S.p.a. - Heinz Italia S.p.a. - Hera
S.p.a. - IBM Italia S.p.a. - Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.a. - Iren Energia e Gas S.p.a.
- Isab s.r.l. - Italgas S.p.a. - Johnson Controls Systems and Services Italy
S.r.l. - Lidl Italia s.r.l. - Manutencoop Facility Management S.p.a. -
Mediamarket S.p.a. - M&G Polimeri Italia - Omron Electronics S.p.a. - Pasta
Zara S.p.a. - Pirelli Industrie Pneumatici S.p.a. - Politecnico di Torino -
Provincia di Cremona - Publiacqua S.p.a. - Raffineria di Milazzo S.c.p.a. -
RAI S.p.a. - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S.p.a. - Rockwood Italia S.p.a. - Roma
TPL S.c.a.r.l. - Roquette Italia S.p.a. - RSE S.p.a. - Sandoz Industrial
Products S.p.a. - Schneider Electric S.p.a. - Siena Ambiente S.p.a. - Siram
S.p.a. - STMicroelectronics S.p.a. - TIS Innovation Park - Trenitalia S.p.a. -
Turboden S.p.a. - Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma - Università
Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Università degli studi di Genova - Varem S.p.A. -
Wind Telecomunicazioni S.p.a. - Yousave S.p.a.
Our membership include organization and
professionals both from the supply and the demand
side of energy efficiency services and solutions.

4. 4
4
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency
Besides being involved in many European
projects, listed next, FIRE implement surveys
and market studies on energy related topics,
information and dissemination campaigns,
and advanced training.
Some of FIRE clients over the years: Ministry
of Environment, ENEA, GSE, RSE, large
organizations (such as Centria, ENEL, Ferrovie
dello Stato, FIAT, Finmeccanica, Galbani, H3G,
Telecom Italia, Unioncamere), universities,
associations, energy agencies and exhibition
organizers.
www.fire-italia.org

5. 5
www.secem.eu
SECEM
SECEM, European System for Certification in
Energy Management, is a certification body
created by the FIRE.
SECEM was the first body to offer third-party
certification for Energy Management Experts
(EMEs) according to UNI CEI 11339 and is
accredited according to the ISO/IEC 17024
standard.
In Italy two standards were developed in order
to promote the qualification of energy efficiency
operators: UNI CEI 11339 for EMEs was issued in
2009, UNI CEI 11352 for ESCOs was published
in 2010. A new standard for energy auditor is
presently under preparation.
Both the mentioned standards are recognized
from the national legislation within the energy
audit obligations for large companies
introduced by the EED directive and the white
certificate scheme.

6. Energy efficiency
6
Elimination of waste and losses
(useless energy consumption,
stand-by, optimization, etc.)
Use of more energy efficient technologies
Use of renewable energy sources
More
production
with the same
energy, the same
production with
less energy, or
a mix

7. Energy efficiency savings
7
EE saving
ex-ante energy
consumption
ex-post energy
consumption
Lack of dedicated
and reliable
measures
Linked to building/
process uses and
weather
Linked to building/
process uses and
weather
Linked to project
and design
Linked to
management
To begin
with: we can’t
measure the
saving…

8. Baseline and adjustments
8
(SEAI “A guide to Energy Performance Contracts and Guarantees”, source EVO)

9. IPMVP
9
Measure Facility or
ECM Performance?
ECM
Performance
Expected
Savings
>10%?
Need to
separately
assess each
Yes
Analysis of
main meter
data
Option C
Whole Facility
Simulate
system or
facility
Yes
N
Obtain
calibration data
Calibrate
simulation
Simulate with and
without ECM(s)
Option D
Calibrated
Simulation
Need full
performance
demonstration
Yes
N
Install isolation meters for
key parameters, assess
interactive effects, and
estimate well known
parameters
Install isolation
meters for all
parameters and
assess interactive
effects
Missing baseline or
reporting period
data?
Missing
baseline or
reporting
Option A
Retrofit Isolation: Key
Parameter
Measurement
Yes
N
Start
N
Option B
Retrofit Isolation: All
Parameter
Measurement
N
Facility
Performance
Able to isolate
ECM with
meter(s)?
N
Yes
Yes
IPMVP options
Option A: retrofit isolation, key
parameter measurement
Option B: retrofit isolation, all
parameter measurement
Option C: whole facility
Option D: calibrated
simulation.
Fonte: IPMVP Core Concepts, June 2014
Note: ECM stands for energy conservation measure.

10. IPMVP
10
(CaseStudy-EnergyEfficiencyCouncil&LowCarbonAustralia)

11. Main aspects about EE measurement
11
Continous
improvement
METERS AND
NORMALIZATION
VISION AND TARGETS
WHO MEASURESCONTROLS
ADDITIONALITY
AND BASELINE
COSTS AND COST
EFFECTIVENESS
EX-ANTE
CONSUMPTION
RELATIONSHIP WITH
REGULATIONS

12. Energy efficiency incentives in Italy
12
White certificates
Tax deductions 50% e 65%
RES incentives
(D.M. 6 luglio 2012)
Heat account
Other options (Elena, Jessica, EEEF, structural funds, local funds, etc.)
Source: FIRE.
CHP: high efficiency cogeneration
DH: district heating
RES: renewable energy sources
EEEF: European energy efficiency fund
Energy efficiency Thermal RES Electrical RESCHP-DH

13. Saving evaluation methods in Italian WhC
13
Deemed savings projects (progetti standard): the saving is evaluated with
respect to the number of installed reference units (e.g. square meter, kW,
number of installed units). No measures are required. Only standardized
solutions can be included in a deemed saving file. The proponent presents
an RVC once.
Scaled savings - engineering estimates (progetti analitici): the saving is
evaluated with respect to some measured quantities through a dedicated
algorithm defined in a dedicated file. Required meters are also indicated in
the dedicated file. The proponent presents an RVC at least once a year.
Metered saving (progetti a consuntivo): the method is similar to the
previous one, but the algorithm, the baseline, the additional saving
coefficient, and the needed meters should be preliminarily proposed by the
applicant PPPM and approved from GSE (with ENEA-RSE). After the
PPPM is accepted the proponent will get WhC by presenting an RVC at
least once a year.
PPPM
D.S. file
E.E. file
RVC: Request to verify and certify the savings
PPPM: Project proposal and M&V procedure
Monitoring
plans
2005-­‐2007:
≈10%
2013:
82%
Surveyed savings: not used so far. Plans to diffuse them with new WhC
guidelines.

14. Scaled savings: building heat and cooling
14
Allegato A alla deliberazione EEN 9/10 così come modificato dalle deliberazioni EEN 14/10
6. SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE
SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE PER SCHEDA N. 26T
Dati relativi al periodo compreso tra il ____________ e il _____________
Caratteristiche dei generatori di calore f_E 0,187 [tep/MWhe]
a Potenza dei generatori per riscaldamento (e acs) Pt,risc 116 [kWt] f_T 0,086 [tep/MWht]
c Potenza degli eventuali generatori separati per acs Pt,acs 0 [kWt] b _t,risc 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(a)
d _t,acs 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(c)
Alimentazione dell'impianto L'alimentazione avviene con
Combustibile per la produzione termica combustibili liquidi/gassosi
f Quantità di combustibile utilizzato M 10.000 [Sm3 o Kg] non rinnovabili
g Potere calorifico inferiore PCI 10.000 [kcal/Sm3, kcal/kg] h EPcomb 10,00 [tep] =10
-7
* f * g
Produzione di energia termica
j Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFrisc 80 [MWht] k 1,18 [-]
i EPrisc 9,95 [tep] = k * f_T * j / b
Produzione di energia termica per acs (se prodotta sepratamente)
m Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFacs 0 [MWht] n EPacs 0,00 [tep] = f_T * m / d
Produzione di energia frigorifera
e Potenza frigorifera PFraffr 0 [kWf] p ,raffr 3,0 [-] pari a 3,0 oppure 2,7
o Energia frigorifera fornita all'utenza EFraffr 0 [MWhf] q EPraffr 0,00 [tep] = f_E * o / p
Incremento consumi elettrici
I consumi di energia elettrica sono stimati w ce,risc 0,49 [MWhe] = 0,005 * j / b
r Ee misurata 0 [MWhe] x ce,acs 0,00 [MWhe] = 0,005 * m / d
Potenze elettriche nominali totali di:
s generatori di calore per riscaldamento PErisc 0 [kWe] r Ee stimata 0,00 [MWhe] = s * (j / a) + t * (m / c) + u * (o / e)
t generatori di calore per produzione acs PEacs 0 [kWe]
u sistemi frigoriferi PEraffr 0 [kWe]
y EFe 0,00 [MWhe] = r - w - x ove applicabile
z EPe 0,00 [tep] = y * f_E
Calcolo dei risparmi energetici riconosciuti
v EPservizi 9,95 [tep] = i + n + q %1 %RN tipo I 0,00 = q / v
RN RN -0,05 [tep] = v - h - z %2 %RN tipo II 1,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti metanizzati
%3 %RN tipo III 0,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti non metanizzati
RN tipo I 0 = %1 * RN
RN tipo II 0 = %2 * RN
RN tipo III 0 = %3 * RN
DATI MISURATI DATI CALCOLATI O PREDEFINITI
energia elettrica
NO
qua
rich
ren
son
da
mis
eff
stru
ade
pre
cas
sia
pos
mis
ind
pre
me
sia
que
con
dir
Ptacs potenza termica nominale dei generatori per produzione di a.c.s., nella configurazione post-intervento; nel caso
in cui non sia presente un generatore separato per a.c.s., questo valore coincide con quello di Ptrisc [kWt]
coefficiente correttivo che assume valori diversi da 1,00 nel caso in cui l’intervento riguardi sistemi dotati di
termoregolazione e contabilizzazione locale del calore [-]; i valori possono allora essere:
- 1,22 per le zone climatiche A, B e C,
- 1,18 per la zona climatica D,
- 1,15 per le zone climatiche E e F.
Consumi
elettrici
Ee
Energia dei
combustibili
Ec
CENTRALE TERMICA
E FRIGORIFERA
Energia termica utile
destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc
Energia frigorifera utile
e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr
Energia termica utile
destinata a produzione di acs EFacs
Sistemididistribuzione
Contatoridicalore
Generatore di calore
(Ptrisc, Perisc)
Generatore di calore
(Ptacs, Peacs)
Sistema frigorifero
(Pfraffr, Peraffr)
Consumi
elettrici
Ee
Energia dei
combustibili
Ec
CENTRALE TERMICA
E FRIGORIFERA
Energia termica utile
destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc
Energia frigorifera utile
e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr
Energia termica utile
destinata a produzione di acs EFacs
Sistemididistribuzione
Contatoridicalore
Generatore di calore
(Ptrisc, Perisc)
Generatore di calore
(Ptacs, Peacs)
Sistema frigorifero
(Pfraffr, Peraffr)
Figura 1– Schema dei flussi energetici coinvolti da un sistema di climatizzazione centralizzata
La Figura si riferisce alla situazione più complessa, nella quale i servizi centralizzati riguardano tutte le tre funzioni
(riscaldamento, raffrescamento e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria) e ciascuna di esse è fornita da un generatore a sé
stante. Possono naturalmente presentarsi situazioni più semplici nelle quali, ad esempio, non viene erogato
raffrescamento e le funzioni di riscaldamento e produzione di a.c.s. vengono espletate da un unico generatore di calore.
Con “sistemi di distribuzione” si intendono le pompe e gli ausiliari asserviti alla circolazione dei fluidi termovettori.
Note:
1
Tra quelle elencate nella Tabella 2 dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.
2
Di cui all’articolo 1, comma 1, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.
3
Di cui all’articolo 3 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.
4
Di cui all’articolo 17 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.
5
Eventualmente in aggiunta a quella specificata all’articolo 14, comma 3, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre
2011, EEN 9/11.

15. Simplified evaluation methods: industry
15
# Solution File
type Unit Requested
units
per
toe
7T Photovoltaics
under
20
kW DS kWp 1-­‐2
9T Inverters
for
pumping
systems DS kW 1-­‐16
16T Inverters
for
pumping
systems
over
22
kW EEP -­‐ -­‐
30E Electric
motors
IE3 DS kW 9-­‐135
31E Inverters
for
compressed
air EEP -­‐ -­‐
33E Power
factor
correction
for
motors
DS Motor 1-­‐189
34E Mechanical
steam
recompression
systems EEP -­‐ -­‐
35E Industrial
coolers EEP - -
36E UPSs DS kVA 2-­‐36
For
deemed
savings
projects
(DS)
a
range
is
present
since
the
values
depend
on
some
variables,
such
as
the
number
of
working
shifts,
the
weather
zone,
the
power
range,
etc.
Per
le
schede
analitiche
è
impossibile
indicare
dei
valori.
For
engineering
estimates
(EEP)
no
values
are
indicated,
since
they
depend
on
the
application
of
the
saving
algorithm
to
the
indicated
variables
(e.g.
fuel
consumption,
heat
demand,
etc).

16. Simplified evaluation methods: civil sector
16
# Solution File
type Unit Requested
units
per
toe
2T Electric
DHW
heaters
-­‐>
gas
DHW
heaters DS Boiler 5
3T High
efficiency
boilers
for
single
apartments
DS Boiler 3-­‐27
4T High
efficiency
DHW
DS Boiler 6
5T Double
glazing
windows DS m2
13-­‐172
6T Wall
and
roof
insulation DS m2
27-­‐1.145
7T Photovoltaics
under
20
kW DS kWp 1-­‐2
8T Solar
thermal
for
DHW DS m2
2-­‐8
10T Natural
gas
decompression EEP - -
15T Air
to
air
heat
pumps DS Apartment 1-­‐22
19T Air
conditioners
under
12
kW DS kWf 99-­‐222
20T Wall
and
roof
insulation
for
cooling DS m2
430-­‐1.718
22T District
heating EEP - -
26T Centralized
cooling
systems EEP - -
27T DHW
heat
pumps DS Heat
pump 3-­‐6
32E Inverters
for
HVAC
systems EEP - -
36E UPSs DS kVA 2-­‐36
37E Biomass
boilers
for
single
apartment DS Apartment 1-­‐5
38E Building
automation
systems DS m2
105-­‐1.573
Please
refer
to
the
note
in
the
previous
slide.

17. PPPM: cement industry example
17
Page26Chapter3
Figure 1. Cement manufacturing process (dry process) [22]
Source: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide
Manufacturing Industries, EC, 2010.

18. 18
PPPM: cement industry example
Source: ENEA-FIRE study on PPPM in the cement industry.
0%#
5%#
10%#
15%#
20%#
25%#
30%#
35%#
#(####
#5.000##
#10.000##
#15.000##
#20.000##
#25.000##
#30.000##
#35.000##
#40.000##
#45.000##
#50.000##
RDF#recovery#Heat#recovery#Raw#materials#
subs>tu>on#
Various#EE#
measures#
Subs>tu>on#
or#EE#
improvement#
of#the#furnace#
Raw#materials#
mill#
CHP# Advanced#
management#
systems#
Advanced#fan#
regula>on#
toe/year(
Approved(PPPMs(breakdown((total:(34(PPPMs;(108,339(toe/year)(
toe/year# %PPPM#
Source: ENEA-FIRE.
Typical saving per solution 10-3 toe/tc
Furnace modification 2÷13
Furnace substitution 4÷13
Crude mill modification 2÷3
Crude mill substitution 0,7÷2
Fired mill modification 0,5÷3
Fired mill substitution 2÷4
Raw materials substitution 0,04
Heat recovery 0,11÷1
Sostituzione calorica 2÷4
Fan regulation 0,2÷0,4
Management systems 0,2÷0,4

19. Case 1: e.g. building
materials, manufacturing
industry
Case 2: e.g. furnace
glass, membranes, RDF
Case 3: e.g.
lighting, heating,
cooling
Expected
Effective
Expected
Effective
Effective
Expected
Savings correlated with the market
Savings correlated with the solution learning curve
Constant saving (weather related)
19
Difference
between
PPPM
and
RVC
savings:
1.4%
electricity,
-­‐8.3%
gas,
16.6%
fuels
PPPMs breakdown (FIRE-ENEA analysis 2005-2012)

20. Points to be considered
20
Measuring EE savings is really an hard task.
We are just at the beginning of the journey…
Deemed savings Scaled savings Metered savings
The method is easy to use and
facilitates the evaluation.
Savings are not measured and
monitoring can be complex if
multiple solutions are considered.
Required documentation: choice
to go easy or bureaucratic, which
usually implies a failure, unless
the incentive is very high.
On field controls are expensive.
Effort required to evaluate
baselines, additionality, and other
needed information.
High cost-effectiveness.
Possibility to pre-evaluate EE
products in order to ensure the
required performance.
The method is easy to use and
facilitates the evaluation.
Savings are measured.
Required documentation: choice
to go easy or bureaucratic, which
usually implies a failure, unless
the incentive is very high.
On field controls are usually a
viable option.
Effort required to evaluate
baselines, additionality,
algorithms and meters to be used,
and the other needed information.
High cost-effectiveness.
Simplified monitoring plans?
The method is usually complex,
especially if additionality or
detailed adjustments are present.
Savings are measured.
Required documentation: is
usually substantial, but the size of
the project allows it.
On field controls are usually a
viable option.
Effort required to evaluate
baselines, additionality,
algorithms and meters to be used,
and the other needed information
for both the proponents and the
evaluators. Shall data be available
for everybody?
Very flexible, but potentially
costly and complicated (viable for
high targets).

21. Thank you!
www.facebook.com/FIREenergy.manager
www.linkedin.com/company/fire-federazione-
italiana-per-l'uso-razionale-dell'energia
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