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Computers in medicine and biology
1. Computers in medicine and
biology
Authors: Mulco Dan
Filat Iustin
Lyceum “Orizont” Durlesti, Moldova
September 2013
2. I. History of computers
II. Computers in medicine
1. X- rays and CT scans
2. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
3. Patient Monitoring
4. Surgery
5. Diagnostic Databases
III. Computers in biology
1. Illustration and simulatinons
2. Research
Outline
3. First electronic computer was named ENIAC
Intel introduced the first miniprocessor
IBM introduced the first PC
The first microcomputer was called Altair
History of computers
4. Researchers discover
Test medical tehniques
Apply medical tehniques
Provides an infrastructure
Share ideas globally
Computers in medicine
http://cim.ucdavis.edu/clubs/cim/CIMlogoS.GIF
5. Use radiation to produce images
Viewing of the internal structure
Two-dimensional images
Precisely reconstruct the
internal structure
X-rays and CT scans
http://www.zreyastechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/100mA-X-
ray-machine-combined-with-single-position-table1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/US_Navy_030819-N-9593R-
125_Hospital_Corpsman_2nd_Class_Roy_Puerto,_right,_of_Olangapo_City,_Philippines,_de
monstrates_the_operation_of_the_CT_Scan_machine.jpg
6. Uses powerful magnetic
fields
Maps the patient's internal
structure
Produces detailed images
of soft tissuie in the body
Does not use radiation
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorial
s/magnetacademy/mri/images/mri-scanner.jpg
7. Use vital statistics
monitoring software
Recordes blood pressure,
pules and oxygen levels
Notify the staff out of
acceptable ranges
Patient Monitoring
http://www.hpcimedia.com/images/websi
te/BBHC/DIR_1/F_13447.jpg
8. Computerized robotics
Perfoeme surgery without
being in the room
Video networking
Observed by students
Surgery
http://robotics.case.edu/ICRA2010/slides/Abbee
l_Surgical_Robots.jpg
9. Stores diagnostic
information
Makes the information
searchable
Instaantly avilable
everywhere
Reviewe journals
Diagnostic Databases
http://www.bksv.com/~/media/Product%20Pictures/PULSEAnalyzer
Hardware/PULSE/Machine%20Diagnostics%20Toolbox.ashx?mh=60
0&mw=600&bc=white
10. Visula simulations and
illustrations
Helps to understand
biological concepts
Reasearch
Computers in biology
http://www.ship.edu/uploadedImages
/Ship/ITS/TechFee/N03-07-01.jpg
http://scitechdaily.com
/images/Biological-
Transistor-Enables-
Computing-Within-
Living-Cells.jpg
11. Experiental activities
View simulations
Look at animations
YouTube
Illustrations and simulations
http://www.zeitnews.org/sites/default/files/imagecache
/body_image/users/18/article_top_body_images/how-
computers-push-molecules-they-simulate-
1357257805.jpg
As computers have become mainstream appliances, they have found their way into virtually all aspects of human endeavors and medicine is no exception. Computers help physicians and medical researchers discover, test and apply medical techniques in virtually every hospital in the world. Furthermore, computer technology provides an infrastructure to allow for medical ideas and knowledge to be filed and shared globally with other medical professionals.
X-rays and CT scans use radiation to produce images of a patient's internal structure to search for abnormalities. X-rays allow for viewing of the internal structure of the patient from one perspective. CT scanning on the other hand uses computer technology to take several X-ray images that are two-dimensional cross-sections and turn them into a multidimensional picture that doctors use to make a diagnosis. These single X-rays are combined using computer programs that precisely reconstruct the internal structure of the patient.
Magnetic Resonance Imagining, more commonly known as MRI, is the process of using powerful magnetic fields to map the patient's internal structure and activity. According to Radiologyinfo.org, MRI is used to produce detailed images of soft tissue in the body without using radiation.
Patients admitted to a hospital are connected to machines that use vital statistics monitoring software to record blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen levels. These computers monitor a patient and are programmed to notify the staff in the event any of these statistics move outside of acceptable ranges.
Computerized robotics allow doctors to perform surgery on patients without even being in the same room. These computer-controlled surgeries allow doctors to save the lives of patients many miles away which may not have been possible otherwise. Video networking and real-time vital statistics monitoring allow for safe, precise surgeries that are observed by on-staff doctors or students.
Medicine encompasses a vast field of knowledge that is expanding every day. Computer databases allow doctors to store diagnostic information and make that information searchable. This allows medical information from previous cases and peer-reviewed journals to be instantly available to medical professionals at any time and place.
If you are teaching a high school biology class, computers can prove advantageous when it comes to covering the curriculum. They offer visual simulations and illustrations that help students understand complicated biological concepts. More so, computers help prepare scholars who will be pursuing post-secondary education as they are tools used for research, data analysis and report publishing.
Biology consists of a great deal of information, including many systematic processes and much vocabulary to memorize. Experiential activities, like lab experiments, are an excellent way for students to review and then retain curriculum. Luckily, students can use the computer to view simulations or diagrams of complicated processes on websites or even YouTube videos. They can look at animations such as meiosis and mitosis, DNA replication, the direction blood flows in the heart and the process of digestion in a cow.
It is important that students learn how to properly research reliable sources. Students today look to references beyond only academic journals and books. When assigning a research paper on genetic diseases, cloning or endangered species, take the time to show students how to find reliable sources of information online. Many academic and scientific sites on the Internet are rich in biology subject matter, offering students the opportunity both to learn and to learn how to access information.
