Planning involves deciding the best alternative among options to achieve organizational goals. It is goal-oriented, pervasive, flexible, continuous, and forward-looking. Planning includes establishing objectives, determining alternative actions, and selecting the best alternative to formulate derivative plans like programs, procedures, rules, and budgets. The planning process involves setting objectives, developing premises, determining alternatives, selecting the best option, formulating derivative plans, implementing plans, and following up.

1. PLANNING
“Planning is deciding the best alternative
among others to perform different managerial
operations in order to achieve the
predetermined goals”
Henry Fayol

2. FEATURES OF PLANNING
 Goal oriented.
 Primacy in planning.
 Pervasiveness.
 Flexibility.
 Continuous process.
 Forward looking.
 Planning involves choice

3. TYPES OF PLAN
NAME OF PLANS MEANING
1.Goal
2.Objective
3.Policies
4.Procedure
5.Rules
 Ends towards which organisation
aimed to achieve desired results.
 Target to be achieved.
 Guides managers to decision
making.
 Manner in which activites are to be
performed.
 States what should or should not to
done in a given situation.

4. TYPES OF PLAN
NAME OF PLANS MEANING
6.Programmes
7.Methods
8.Budget
 All activities necessary for
achieving a given objective.
 Detailed and specific guidance for
day to day action.
 Statement of expected results of a
given future period.

5. STEPS IN PLANNING
1. Setting the objectives.
2. Develop planning premises
3. Determine alternative courses of
action.
4. Selecting the best alternative.
5. Formulating derivative plans.
6. Implementation of plans
7. Follow up