1. Planning as a System and The
Need for Planning
Alzadd Lemente
Prepared by:

2. “Our world is speeding toward a climatic
ending—and a new beginning”
So?

3. IDEA
IDEA Planning as a System IDEA
PART A IDEA PART B
ORGANIZATION

4. FOUR APPROACHES OF PLANNING
SYSTEM DESIGN
TOP-DOWN BOTTOM-UP COMBINED TEAM
TOPDOWN/BOTTOM- APPROACH
UP

5. DUTY OF PLANNERS :
Most large and well-organized companies have a staff official in
charge of the planning function , which in any case is usually handled by a
department. The main duty of the planner and his department is to
effectively and efficiently manage and coordinate the planning efforts in
the organization.

6. AS A PLANNER HE/SHE SHOULD DO IN :
METHODOLOGY:
Prepare a suitable planning system for the organization.
Ensure that the planning system and the associated
roles are known and understood by producing a
planning manual.
Continuously update the manual in line with changes in
the planning needs of the company and planning
techniques
Jones
(11974:44)

7. AS A PLANNER HE/SHE SHOULD DO IN :
Formal Activities: act on behalf of CEO and assist in:
Preparation of the planning document.
Coordination and integration of unit/functional plans
Preparation of the corporate plan
Control procedures for evaluating progress
Jones
(11974:44)

8. AS A PLANNER HE/SHE SHOULD DO IN :
Functional Activities:
Participate in the determination of corporate objectives,
guidelines and policies.
Propose basic economic and general assumptions.
Propose specific objectives
Organize and participated in the periodic review and
progress reports on the plans.
Jones
(11974:44)

9. AS A PLANNER HE/SHE SHOULD DO IN :
Specific Functional Activities:
Prepare the background information base for the
company as a whole as a regards to all relevant
environment.
Propose strategies to exploit opportunities identified
above.
Keep abreast of developments bin planning techniques.
Jones
(11974:44)

10. Brown & O’connor [1974:2]
Made an empirical study that categorizes the planner’s
duties as responsibilities for ongoing activities, mergers,
acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures and presents them
in order of importance

11. Teslang (2003:66)
Identifies 11 elements
that are very important in Mission or
Purposes
planning process:
Objectives
Mission
Objectives Strategies
Strategies
Tactics Policies
Policies
Procedures
Rules
Methods
Rules
Programs
Programme
Standard
Schedules
Budget Budget
Hierarchy of Planning Elements

12. Leads to Facilitates
Paradigm Decision
Change Making
Indispensable Enhances
for Managerial Organizational
Effectiveness Planning Performance
Facilitates Facilitates
Coordination Proactive
and Control Assigns Task & is a Management
Yardstick for
Appraising
Performance