4. GAIL’s main Priorities:
Gas Sourcing, Transmission, Marketing,
Processing, Petro Chemicals, Globalization
& City Gas Distribution
GAIL’s plans for acquiring an Exploration &
Production Company abroad
8 joint venture companies to implement city
gas projects
GAIL’s plans to diversify into telecom -
GAILTEL
5. “Planning is deciding in advance what to do,
how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.
It bridges the gap from where we are to
where we want to go. It makes it possible for
things to happen.”
-Koontz and O’Donnell
“The act of thinking and deciding a course
of action, spelt out in detail is called
planning”
6. Deciding in advance
Basic managerial function
Closely connects with creativity and
innovation
Bridges the gap from where we are to where
we want to go
7. Done by managers at all levels
It involves making a choice from alternative
courses of action to achieve the desired
objectives
Concerned with both ends and means
Importance of time factor in planning
8. Planning is a primary function of
management. Base for all other functions of
management.
Planning focuses on achieving objectives.
(purposeful)
Planning is all-pervasive. Required at all
levels and all departments of the
organisation. Scope differs in different levels
and departments
Planning is a continuous process
9. Planning is forward-looking/futuristic in
nature. It is peeping into the future ,
analysing and predicting it.
Planning involves decision making. The
need for planning arises only when
alternatives are available.
Planning is a mental exercise. Foresight,
intelligent imagination, sound judgment,
comparative analysis etc are pre requisite to
planning
10. Planning provides direction
Planning reduces the risk of
uncertainty
Planning reduces overlapping and
wasteful activities
11. Planning promotes innovative ideas
Planning facilitates decision making
Planning establishes standards for
controlling
12. Planning leads to Rigidity
Planning may not work in a
dynamic environment
Planning reduces creativity
Planning involves huge cost
Planning is time consuming
Planning does not guarantee
success
21. Internal limitations:
Human Psychology
Doesn’t guarantee
Success
Prompt Action Difficult
Time Constraints
Rigidity of Policies
and Procedures
Subordinates’ Initiative
Stifled
Expenses Involved
22. 1. Setting Objectives:
For the entire organisation/
Department/ Unit
It has to percolate down to each unit
and employees at all levels
When the end result is clear, it
becomes easier to work towards the
goal
23. 2. Developing Premises:
Assumptions about the future are called
Premises
Assumptions are the base material upon
which the plans are drawn
Base material may be in the form of
forecasts, existing plans or any past
information about policies
Forecasting is very important in
developing premises
24. 3. Identifying Alternative Courses of
Action:
Alternatives should be generated and
thoroughly discussed amongst the
members of the organisation
4. Evaluating Alternative Courses:
Positive and Negative aspects of each
proposal need to be evaluated in the light
of the objectives to be achieved
25. 5. Selecting an alternative:
The ideal plan – most
feasible, profitable and with
least negative consequences
6. Implementing the Plan
7. Follow Up
26.
27.
28. 1Objectives: Desired future position that the
management would like to reach
2. Strategy: A comprehensive plan for
achieving the organisation objectives.
Comprehensive plan includes 3 dimensions:
Determining long term objectives
Adopting a particular course of action
Allocating resources necessary to achieve
the objectives
29. 3. Policy: they are general statements that
guide thinking…. Provide a basis for
interpreting strategy which is usually stated
in general terms
They define the broad parameters with in
which a manager may function
4. Procedure: Routine stepson how to carry out
activities
5. Method: Manner in which a task has to be
performed considering the objective
30. 6. Rule: Specific Statements that inform what is
to be done.
7. Programme: They are a detailed statements
about a project which outlines the objectives,
policies, procedures, rules, tasks, human
and physical resources required and the
budget to implement any course of action
8. Budget: A Statement of expected results
expressed in numerical terms. It’s a plan
which quantifies future facts and figures.