Sana Khalid 127 Kiran Zahra 1550 Sobia Akhlaq 1548 Nasiba Waris 139 Salma Bashir 126 Saba Khursheed 1541 Sameera Dar 1542

Sana Khalid 127

Kiran Zahra 1550

Sobia Akhlaq 1548

Nasiba Waris 139

Salma Bashir 126

Saba Khursheed 1541

Sameera Dar 1542

SANA KHALID-Market research ROLL NO. 127

Market research is the process of systematically gathering, recording and analyzing data and information about customers, competitors and the market .

Market research is the process of systematically gathering, recording and analyzing data and information about customers, competitors and the market .

Market Research - The Process Step One: Define Marketing Problems and Opportunities Launching a new product or service Low utilization of company's products or services. A poor company image and reputation Low awareness of company and its products or services

Launching a new product or service

Low utilization of company's products or services. A poor company image and reputation

Low awareness of company and its products or services

Step Two: Set Objectives, Budget, and Timetables Explore the nature of a problem Test possible cause and effect relationships How much money are we willing to invest in our market research? Detailed, realistic time frame Step Three: Select Research Types, Methods, and Techniques

Explore the nature of a problem

Test possible cause and effect relationships

How much money are we willing to invest in our market research?

Detailed, realistic time frame

Step Three: Select Research Types, Methods, and Techniques

Step Four: Design Research Instruments Questionnaire Open-end questions Close-end questions Step Five: Collect Data Clear reliable results under direction of experienced researchers

Step Four: Design Research Instruments

Questionnaire

Open-end questions

Close-end questions

Step Five: Collect Data

Clear

reliable results

under direction of

experienced researchers

Step Six: Organize and Analyze the Data Once our data has been collected, it needs to be cleaned. Cleaning research data involves editing, coding, and tabulating results . Step Seven: Present and Use Market Research Findings An organized manner to the decision makers of the business. Weigh the cost of gathering more information against its potential usefulness

Step Seven: Present and Use Market Research Findings

An organized manner to the decision makers of the business.

Weigh the cost of gathering more information against its

potential usefulness

Planning for Marketing Research Step 1: Determine the Research Purpose Explanation Prediction Monitoring Discovery Hypothesis Testing

Step 1: Determine the Research Purpose

Explanation

Prediction

Monitoring

Discovery

Hypothesis Testing

Step 2: Identify What is to be Learned critical step in the research process provides guidance on what must be accomplished

Step 2: Identify What is to be Learned

critical step in the research process

provides guidance on what must be accomplished

Step 3: Research Design – Methods Descriptive Research Exploratory Research Causal Research Step 4: Research Design - Data Collection Acquire pre-existing research Undertake new research themselves Out-source the task of new research to a third-party, such as a market research company

Step 3: Research Design – Methods

Descriptive Research

Exploratory Research

Causal Research

Step 4: Research Design - Data Collection

Acquire pre-existing research

Undertake new research themselves

Out-source the task of new research to a

third-party, such as a market research company

Step 5: Evaluate Data Incomplete Responses Questionable Entry Data Entry Error Step 6: Analyze Data Descriptive Data Analysis Inferential Data Analysis

Step 5: Evaluate Data

Incomplete Responses

Questionable Entry

Data Entry Error

Step 6: Analyze Data

Descriptive Data Analysis

Inferential Data Analysis

Step 7: Communicate Results Report the findings An oral presentation

Step 7: Communicate Results

Report the findings

An oral presentation

Market Trends Customer analysis Choice Modeling Competitor analysis Risk analysis Name of Brands 0.5 liter 1.5 liter 6 liter Nestle, pure life 15 24 60 Atlantis 15 23 57 Aqua Fina, purity guaranteed 15 24 60 Nile, its nature 13 22 55

Market Trends

Customer analysis

Choice Modeling

Competitor analysis

Risk analysis

KIRAN ZAHRA ROLL NO:1550

Target market are a set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve. Target marketing involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments TARKET MARKET

Target market are a set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve.

Target marketing involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments

Three of the most common types are Geographic segmentation Demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation TYPES OF TARGET MARKETING

Three of the most common types are

Geographic segmentation

Demographic segmentation

Psychographic segmentation

MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CUSTOMER RETENTION Market segmentation is when you divide your potential market into separate categories or segments according to their individual needs. Determining your target market

MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CUSTOMER RETENTION

Market segmentation is when you divide your potential market into separate categories or segments according to their individual needs.

Determining your target market

Primarily we are focusing our drive/lunch of marketing NILE (It’s Nature) in Punjab due to the fact that the people in this province are more vulnerable to such sort of inventions/ introductions in terms of Taste Habits Standards of living MARKETING

Primarily we are focusing our drive/lunch of marketing NILE (It’s Nature) in Punjab due to the fact that the people in this province are more vulnerable to such sort of inventions/ introductions in terms of

Taste

Habits

Standards of living

Geographic Segmentation (Punjab)

MAIN CITIES OF PUNJAB

MARKETING IN LAHORE As its is evident that we are focusing in the province of Punjab at the moment. Again in this province we are mainly concentrating on big cities but more specifically the city of Lahore firstly to begin with. In this way in view of the total population of Lahore which is approximately 8 millions.

As its is evident that we are focusing in the province of Punjab at the moment. Again in this province we are mainly concentrating on big cities but more specifically the city of Lahore firstly to begin with. In this way in view of the total population of Lahore which is approximately 8 millions.

LAHORE IS DIVIDED INTO FUTHER POSH AREAS Lahore is divided in to further posh areas with regard to market segment. These are as follows Model Town Garden Town Faisal Town Gulberg ‘ Defence Cantt Iqbal town and Johar town

Lahore is divided in to further posh areas with regard to market segment. These are as follows

Model Town

Garden Town

Faisal Town

Gulberg ‘

Defence

Cantt

Iqbal town and Johar town

Graph Showing Statistics

POSH AREAS ESTAMTED As we have estimated the total population of posh areas as above at 8Lac, It may be safely concluded that in view of high, middle, and average income groups of people resident in these location are to be approved and make them realize the purity of Nile (It’s Nature).Thus in this way we have to target the marketing of Nile between 15 to 20% of the residents of these areas’ of all groups to use this pure drinking water. This will further provide us to speed up our marketing plans for profit orientation in future to the manufactures of the product i-e Nile (it’s Nature)

As we have estimated the total population of posh areas as above at 8Lac, It may be safely concluded that in view of high, middle, and average income groups of people resident in these location are to be approved and make them realize the purity of Nile (It’s Nature).Thus in this way we have to target the marketing of Nile between 15 to 20% of the residents of these areas’ of all groups to use this pure drinking water. This will further provide us to speed up our marketing plans for profit orientation in future to the manufactures of the product i-e Nile (it’s Nature)

EXCLUSIVE TARGET MARKET LOCATIONS Air ports Railvay Stations Bus Station Hospitals Tourism Places Universities and College

Air ports

Railvay Stations

Bus Station

Hospitals

Tourism Places

Universities and College

What is Product? “ In marketing, the term “product” is often used as a catch-all word to identify solutions a marketer provides to its target market. We will follow this approach and permit the term “product” to cover offerings”

Categories of Consumer Products: Convenience Products – These are products that appeal to a very large market segment. They are generally consumed regularly and purchased frequently. Examples include most household items such as food, cleaning products, and personal care products. Shopping Products – These are products consumers purchase and consume on a less frequent schedule compared to convenience products. Specialty Products – These are products that tend to carry a high price tag relative to convenience and shopping products. Consumption may occur at about the same rate as shopping products but consumers are much more selective.

Convenience Products – These are products that appeal to a very large market segment. They are generally consumed regularly and purchased frequently. Examples include most household items such as food, cleaning products, and personal care products.

Shopping Products – These are products consumers purchase and consume on a less frequent schedule compared to convenience products.

Specialty Products – These are products that tend to carry a high price tag relative to convenience and shopping products. Consumption may occur at about the same rate as shopping products but consumers are much more selective.

Emergency Products – These are products a customer seeks due to sudden events and for which pre-purchase planning is not considered. Unsought Products – These are products whose purchase is unplanned by the consumer but occur as a result of marketer’s actions.

Emergency Products – These are products a customer seeks due to sudden events and for which pre-purchase planning is not considered.

Unsought Products – These are products whose purchase is unplanned by the consumer but occur as a result of marketer’s actions.

The categories of consumer products mineral Water and our Product NILE (its Nature) comes under the category of Convenience Product that it is bought on daily basis. It will be used by ever class because of its cheap rate, its pure taste and excellent quality. So we try our best to let the consumers to buy it with warranty of its purity and taste

The categories of consumer products mineral Water and our Product NILE (its Nature) comes under the category of Convenience Product that it is bought on daily basis. It will be used by ever class because of its cheap rate, its pure taste and excellent quality. So we try our best to let the consumers to buy it with warranty of its purity and taste

Categories of Business Products Raw Materials Processed Materials Equipment Basic Components Advanced Components Product Component MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Operating) Products

Raw Materials

Processed Materials

Equipment

Basic Components

Advanced Components

Product Component

MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Operating) Products

Components of a Product Core Benefits Actual Product Augmented Product

Core Benefits

Actual Product

Augmented Product

NILE (its Nature) .Its attractive bottle, its aqua color and its pure taste will definitely fulfill the need of our customer. We keep our objective in our mind that is to satisfy our customer in every aspect of our product’s nature. we are sure about our product that it will not only compete with other mineral waters successfully but also will let the people to buy it in future with satisfaction and warranty taste,quality,affordable rate.

NILE (its Nature) .Its attractive bottle, its aqua color and its pure taste will definitely fulfill the need of our customer. We keep our objective in our mind that is to satisfy our customer in every aspect of our product’s nature. we are sure about our product that it will not only compete with other mineral waters successfully but also will let the people to buy it in future with satisfaction and warranty taste,quality,affordable rate.

Key Product Decisions

Consumable Product Features Branding Packaging Labeling

Consumable Product Features

Branding

Packaging

Labeling

Consumable Product Features: Functional Benefits Psychological Benefits

Functional Benefits

Psychological Benefits

While launching NILE (its Nature) we keep in our mind to fulfill the Functional n Psychological need of our customers. As it is important to open a network at large scale and customers also prefer such products. Among the Competitors that is NESTLE and AQUAFINA . NILE (its Nature) can get a good place in the market. Off season launch would make sense as Nestle n even other small competitors would not be expect any new entered.

While launching NILE (its Nature) we keep in our mind to fulfill the Functional n Psychological need of our customers. As it is important to open a network at large scale and customers also prefer such products. Among the Competitors that is NESTLE and AQUAFINA .

NILE (its Nature) can get a good place in the market. Off season launch would make sense as Nestle n even other small competitors would not be expect any new entered.

AVAILABLE SIZES OF NILE ARE: -0.5Liters -1.5Liters -6Liters NILE it's Nature 1.5 Liter

BRANDING: Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors’ offerings. In markets where competition is fierce and where customers may select from among many competitive products, creating an identity through branding is essential.

Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors’ offerings. In markets where competition is fierce and where customers may select from among many competitive products, creating an identity through branding is essential.

BRANDING STRATEGY Individual Product Branding Family Branding Co-Branding Private or Store Branding No-Name or Generic Branding Brand Licensing

Individual Product Branding

Family Branding

Co-Branding

Private or Store Branding

No-Name or Generic Branding

Brand Licensing

PACKAGING:

Final Customer Packaging Distribution Packaging

Final Customer Packaging

Distribution Packaging

New Product Development Process: Purchase the Product License the Product Purchase Another Firm

Purchase the Product

License the Product

Purchase Another Firm

Nasiba Waris-Pricing Roll no.139

“ Price is a component of exchange or transaction that take place between two parties and refers to what must be given by one party in to obtain something offered by another party ” PRICE

Importance of price Most flexible marketing mix variable Setting the right price Important part of sales promotion

Most flexible marketing mix variable

Setting the right price

Important part of sales promotion

PRICE OBJECTIVES Maximize long run profit Maximize short run profit Company growth Increase market share Enhance the image of the firm ,brand or ,product Increase sales volume

Maximize long run profit

Maximize short run profit

Company growth

Increase market share

Enhance the image of the firm ,brand or ,product

Increase sales volume

Internal factors External factors Factors affecting price decision

Internal factors

External factors

Internal factors Company and marketing objectives Marketing strategy cost

Company and marketing objectives

Marketing strategy

cost

External factors Elasticity of demand Customer and channel partner expectations Competitive and related products Government regulations

Elasticity of demand

Customer and channel partner expectations

Competitive and related products

Government regulations

Price is not a key factor when purchase is being considered. One of several variables Value is perceived benefits over per price paid Asses product overall value Price vs. value

Price is not a key factor when purchase is being considered.

One of several variables

Value is perceived benefits over per price paid

Asses product overall value

Price strategies Cover your cost Test try offering it a different price points Offer the item at different prices to different markets Include guarantee Offer different payment options Create urgency

Cover your cost

Test try offering it a different price points

Offer the item at different prices to different markets

Include guarantee

Offer different payment options

Create urgency

SALMA BASHIR-pricing ROLL NO. 126

PRICING METHOD A pricing method is a mechanical procedure for setting prices on a regular basis TYPES of PRICING METHODS Cost Oriented Pricing Market Oriented Pricing Competition Oriented Pricing

PRICING METHOD

A pricing method is a mechanical procedure for setting prices on a regular basis

TYPES of PRICING METHODS

Cost Oriented Pricing

Market Oriented Pricing

Competition Oriented Pricing

Cost Oriented Pricing This is what where the price of a product or service is calculated and a margin is applied to derive a selling pricing .

Market Oriented Pricing Initial price is based on analysis of market research in which customer expectations are measured. Types of Market Oriented Pricing Premium Pricing Penetrartion Pricing Skimming Pricing Economy Pricing

Market Oriented Pricing

Initial price is based on analysis of market research in which customer expectations are measured.

Types of Market Oriented Pricing

Premium Pricing

Penetrartion Pricing

Skimming Pricing

Economy Pricing

PRICING STRATEGY MATRIX

Competition Oriented Pricing The firm fixes the prices of products in relation to the competitors prices

Competition Oriented Pricing

The firm fixes the prices of products in relation to the competitors prices

PRICING STRATEGY A plan which determines best (at the time of marketing ) price decisions Quantity Discounts Cash Discounts Leader Pricing Price lining Promotional Pricing

PRICING STRATEGY

A plan which determines best (at the time of marketing ) price decisions

Quantity Discounts

Cash Discounts

Leader Pricing

Price lining

Promotional Pricing

0.5 liter 1.5 liter 6 liter Only for Rs.55 Only for Rs.22 Only for Rs.13 NILE it's Nature NILE NILE 6 Liter it's Nature 1.5 Liter NILE 0.5 Liter

TOTAL PRICE Weight Retail Prices Tax@21% per unit price No. of units Total Price 0.5 liter 11 2.31 13 30,000 390,000 1.5 liter 18 3.78 22 25,000 550.000 6 liter 45 9.45 55 15,000 825,000 Aggregate Total Price 1765,000

COST TABEL – NILE, its nature Number of bottles produced and sold = 70,000 Expected Sales Rs. 14,59,000 Profit @ 10% Rs. 1,45,900 Total cost Rs.13,13,100 Allocation of Cost Promotion @ 40% Rs.5,25,200 Production @25% Rs. 3,28,300 Pricing @ 15% Rs. 1.96,900 Distribution @ 10% Rs. 1,31,310 Target Market@ 10% Rs. 1,31,310

COST TABEL – NILE, its nature

For Wholesalers SPECIAL OFFERS Woww……..  Boxes purchased in a single order %discount 4m list price Up to 500 0.5 None 600-1500 1.5 liter 15% 1600-2500 1.5 liter 20% 2500-3500 0.5 liter 40% + free dinner in Pearl Continental

For Wholesalers

For Retailers SPECIAL OFFERS Hmm……......... .  Quantity purchase in a single order % Discount from list price Up to 300 0.5 liter/ 1.5 liter None 400-500 6 liter bottle 15% 600-1000 1.5 liter bottle 25%

For Retailers

SABA KHURSHEED ROLL NO. 1541

DISTRIBUTION: IT is the fourth traditional element of marking mix. Allow customers to gain access and purchase a marketer’s product. OBJECTIVE OF DISTRIBUTION : Our objective of distribution is to create place utility, the value of having our product where customers wants it & when they want it.

DISTRIBUTION:

IT is the fourth traditional element of

marking mix. Allow customers to gain

access and purchase a marketer’s product.

OBJECTIVE OF DISTRIBUTION :

Our objective of distribution is to create place utility, the value of having our product where customers wants it & when they want it.

ASPECTS OF DISTRIBUTION: There are two aspects of distribution which are LOGISTICS: Physical movement of goods STRATEGY: Who participate and what they do. DISTRIBUTION DECISIONS: Our distribution decisions focuses on establishing a system that, at its basic level allow our customers to gain access & purchase our product because having a strong product does little if customer is not able to easily obtain it.

ASPECTS OF DISTRIBUTION:

There are two aspects of distribution which are

LOGISTICS: Physical movement of goods

STRATEGY: Who participate and what they do.

DISTRIBUTION DECISIONS:

Our distribution decisions focuses on establishing a

system that, at its basic level allow our customers to

gain access & purchase our product because having

a strong product does little if customer is not able to

easily obtain it.

OUR distribution decision includes( but limited to): Assessing the best distribution channel for getting our product to customers. Determining whether a reseller network needed. Arranging a reliable ordering system that allow customers to place orders. Creating the best delivering or transportation system. Establishing facilities for product storage.

OUR distribution decision includes( but limited to):

Assessing the best distribution channel for getting our product to customers.

Determining whether a reseller network needed.

Arranging a reliable ordering system that allow customers to place orders.

Creating the best delivering or transportation system.

Establishing facilities for product storage.

TARGET MARKET: Lahore is our target market initially we selected 8 different well known areas of Lahore which are 1)Model town 2)Faisal town 3)Garden town 4)Joher town 5)Allama iqbal town 6)Deffence 7)Gulberg 8) cantt

TARGET MARKET: Lahore is our target market initially we selected 8 different well known areas of Lahore which are

1)Model town 2)Faisal town

3)Garden town 4)Joher town

5)Allama iqbal town 6)Deffence

7)Gulberg 8) cantt

CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION: The path or route taken by a product as it moves from producer to consumer is called channel of distribution. LEVEL OF CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION: There are two levels of distribution.

CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION: The path or route taken by a product as it moves from producer to consumer is called channel of distribution.

LEVEL OF CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION: There are two levels of distribution.

CHANNEL MEMBERS: Wholesalers Retailers Agent Direct sales force FUNCTIONS OF DISTRI BUTION: The main functions of distribution are Information . promotion Contact . Matching Negotiation . Physical distribution Financing . Risk taking

CHANNEL MEMBERS:

Wholesalers

Retailers

Agent

Direct sales force

FUNCTIONS OF DISTRI BUTION: The main functions of distribution are

Information . promotion

Contact . Matching

Negotiation . Physical distribution

Financing . Risk taking

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES: Refers to how an organization will distribute the product or service they are offering to the end users at the right place or time. There are three types of distribution strategies Intensive strategy: used commonly to distribution of low priced or impulse products Exclusive strategy: used commonly to distribution of high priced products involves limited distribution to single outlet. Selective strategy: In this a small numbers of retail outlets are chosen for distribution of products.

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES:

Refers to how an organization will distribute the

product or service they are offering to the end

users at the right place or time.

There are three types of distribution strategies

Intensive strategy: used commonly to distribution of low priced or impulse products

Exclusive strategy: used commonly to distribution of high priced products involves limited distribution to single outlet.

Selective strategy: In this a small numbers of retail outlets are chosen for distribution of products.

CHANNEL DESIGN DECISION: To design our distribution channels we take different decisions and do bellow mention surveys.

CHANNEL DESIGN DECISION: To design our distribution channels we take different decisions and do bellow mention surveys.

WHOLESALING: It is consist of sales & all activities directly related to sales, goods,services to Business & other org for resale. WHOLESALERS : He is a trader who purchase goods in large quantities from manufacturers & resells them to retailers in small quantities.

WHOLESALING:

It is consist of sales & all activities

directly related to sales, goods,services

to Business & other org for resale.

WHOLESALERS :

He is a trader who purchase goods in large quantities from manufacturers & resells them to retailers in small quantities.

TYPES OF WHOLESALERS: There are 3 types of wholesalers. which are

TYPES OF WHOLESALERS: There are 3 types of wholesalers. which are

RETAILING: It consist of sales & all activities related to sales,goods, services to final consumer for personal & non business use. RETAILER: He a person who buys products relatively in small quantities from wholesalers & sell them in small quantities to final consumer. RETAIL STORE LOCATIONS: We select our retail store location based on following factors, Populations of customers Competition Accessibility

RETAILING:

It consist of sales & all activities related to sales,goods,

services to final consumer for personal & non business

use.

RETAILER: He a person who buys products relatively

in small quantities from wholesalers & sell them in

small quantities to final consumer.

RETAIL STORE LOCATIONS: We select our retail store

location based on following factors,

Populations of customers

Competition

Accessibility

TYPES OF RETAILERS: There are 4 types of retailers which are

TYPES OF RETAILERS: There are 4 types of retailers which are

DISTRIBUTION COST: Total numbers of unit distributed =70,000 units UNITS GIVEN TO Retailers = 30,000 Wholesalers = 40,000

DISTRIBUTION COST:

Total numbers of unit distributed =70,000 units

UNITS GIVEN TO

Retailers = 30,000

Wholesalers = 40,000

UNITS DISTRIBUTED TO DIFFERENT AREAS: AREAS MODEL TOWN FAISAL TOWN GARDEN TOWN JOHER TOWN A.IQBAL TOWN DEFFENCE GULBERG CANTT TOTAL UNITS DISTRIBUTED 12,000 units 10,000 units 8000 units 9000 units 14,000 units 3,500 units 6000 units 7,500 units 70,000 units

UNITS DISTRIBUTED TO DIFFERENT AREAS:

DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFRRENT SIZES: We are distributed 3 different sizes of “NILE” Distributed sizes No.of.units distributed 0.5 ltr 30,000 1.5 ltrs 25,000 6 ltrs 15,000 Total 70,000 units

DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFRRENT SIZES:

We are distributed 3 different sizes of “NILE”

ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION COST: Total units produced = 100000 units Total units distributed = 70000 units Total cost of distribution = Rs 131310 Per unit cost of distribution = Rs 1.9 Share of distribution in total cost = Rs 131310 Share of distribution in % of total cost = 10%

ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION COST:

Total units produced = 100000 units

Total units distributed = 70000 units

Total cost of distribution = Rs 131310

Per unit cost of distribution = Rs 1.9

Share of distribution in total cost = Rs 131310

Share of distribution in % of total cost = 10%

Components Of Distribution Cost Cost of fuel and oil = 18000 Salaries of staff = 43000 Van lease or hire = 70310 Total Distribution Cost = 131310

Components Of Distribution Cost

Cost of fuel and oil = 18000

Salaries of staff = 43000

Van lease or hire = 70310

Total Distribution Cost = 131310

Sameera Dar-Promotion manager ROLL NO. 1542

A form of corporation communication that uses various methods to reach the targeted audience with a certain message to achieve the specific organizational goals. PROMOTION

A form of corporation communication that uses various methods to reach the targeted audience with a certain message to achieve the specific organizational goals.

Advertisement Sales promotion Public relations Personal selling

Advertisement

Sales promotion

Public relations

Personal selling

Print media Electronic media Mass media ADVERTISING

Print media

Electronic media

Mass media

Form of advertisement which is done before the launch of product to create the curiosity among people. TEASER

Form of advertisement which is done before the launch of product to create the curiosity among people.

Build awareness Create interest Provide information Stimulate demand Inducing buyers to try our product OBJECTIVES

Build awareness

Create interest

Provide information

Stimulate demand

Inducing buyers to

try our product

Official Sponsor ICC Champions Trophy

BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS Expo-centre, Fortress Stadium Lahore

COST: Included in the ‘‘CAPEX’’ Duration: The period of 2 months

COST:

Included in the ‘‘CAPEX’’

Duration:

The period of 2 months