1. Resistor Pencil as

2. INTRODUCTION A resistor is widely used for resistance of an electric current. For example, you’re a driving a car, while driving a red light is showed for you to stop. If there would be no red light and still your are not stopping, there would be a possibility that an accident will occur like there is no control.

3. A resistor is an electronic component that resists the flow of current in an electronic circuit. Resistors are often made out of chunks of carbon or thin films of carbon or other resistive materials. They can also be made of wires wound around a cylinder. The common resistor is a two-wire package with a fixed resistance measured in ohms; however, different types of resistors are adjustable by the circuit designer or the user As we all know electricity is an element involve and attach in our daily lives. It is our need for without it, we will not be able to perform our daily activities. But also, on the other hand electricity has also its bad effects to humans and to the surroundings.

4. Statement of the problem 1. What is the element that the 2b pencil has that can resist the flow of electric current? 2. Why does a 2b pencil resist electric current? 3. What is the effect of connecting directly the LED and the battery clip? 4. What is the effect of gliding the battery clip to the drawn shape on your paper till’ get near of the other clip in which attach to LED? 5. What’s so important about resistor?

5. Hypotheses 1. There is a connection between the 2b pencil and the darkness of the drawn shape on the paper to rate how it resist electric current. 2. There is a connection of the element present on the pencil and the rate of resistance of the pencil. 3. There is relation of the battery and the battery clip, for this things is the one that serves the flow of the electric current

6. Methodology Material/Equipments 1 2b Pencil Piece of paper 2 pair of battery clip (already with connected wires) 9 V battery Red LED

7. Procedures 1. Grab your paper. Draw a rectangular shape in any size and shade it really dark. 2. Get your pair of battery clip. Your battery clips must represent a positive and a negative and also, it must also connected with wires by pair. 3. Connect your positive battery clip to your positive side of your 9V battery likewise to your negative battery clip. 4. After that attached your other joined clip of your positive battery clip to the anode (positive side) of your red LED (the short leg). 5. Get your positive battery clip with the LED. Bend the negative side of your LED like a hook. Make sure that your negative bend leg of the LED can glide your paper. Hold it and tap it to your drawn shaded rectangular shape to the left side of it. 6. Then, hold your other joined clip of your negative battery clip. Tapped it also to your drawn rectangular shape to the right side of it and glide it till’ you’ll get near to your positive battery clip and also, avoid connecting the clip and the LED directly because the LED will burn out. You will see the effect of it if the LED will glow. If you think it doesn’t work, try to do it again in a dark room or any place which is dark for you to see if the LED glows.

8. Results and discussions TABLE 1 Observation and Experimentation Table 1 shows you the difference between the 2 pencils. As you can See, 2b pencil is darker than Mongol 2. the darker the shades are, the Resistance is stronger. If you shade it like the Mongol 2, there would be A possibility that it won’t work, We found out that it is very necessary to shade It really dark so that it will work.

9. TABLE 1 Observation and Experimentation Table 1 shows you the difference between the 2 pencils. As you can See, 2b pencil is darker than Mongol 2. the darker the shades are, the Resistance is stronger. If you shade it like the Mongol 2, there would be A possibility that it won’t work, We found out that it is very necessary to shade It really dark so that it will work.

10. But before we come up with that idea, we tested it first so that we will know what pencil resist more. It seems that the 2b pencil works because it has a darkest shade than the other. If the resistor has a lesser resistance, you are allowing the electric current to flow with no such control.

11. Conclusion We concluded that we could make use a 2b pencil or a sign pen with just a piece of paper as a resistor. But then, it is necessary to have a real resistor, the one that is already created because the resistance of a 2b pencil is lesser than the real one.

12. Recommendation We recommend that it is necessary to buy a real resistor, not the materials we used because of its lesser rate of resistance. But you can use this for you to determine the difference between the real resistor and the pencil or sign pen as resistor.

13. Definition of terms Electrical resistance- is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current. Temperature coefficient- is the relative change of physical property when the temperature is changed. Noise- is a random signal characteristic of all electronic circuits. Inductance- is the property in an electrical circuit where a change in the electric current through that circuit induces an electromagnetic force that opposes the change in current. Electric power- rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. Critical resistance- the values below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow and above which the limit is applied voltage.

14. The end