2. Email
Electronic mail, most commonly referred to
as email or e-mail since ca. 1993,[2] is a
method of exchanging digital messages from
an author to one or more recipients. Modern
email operates across the Internet or
other computer networks. Some early email
systems required that the author and the
recipient both be online at the same time, in
common with instant messaging. Today's email
systems are based on a store-and-
forward model. Email servers accept, forward,
deliver, and store messages. Neither the users
nor their computers are required to be online
simultaneously; they need connect only briefly,
typically to a mail server, for as long as it takes
to send or receive messages.
3. Social network
social network is a social structure made up of
a set of social actors (such as individuals or
organizations) and a set of the dyadic ties
between these actors. The social network
perspective provides a set of methods for
analyzing the structure of whole social entities
as well as a variety of theories explaining the
patterns observed in these structures.[1] The
study of these structures uses social network
analysis to identify local and global patterns,
locate influential entities, and examine
network dynamics.
4. Online chat
• It has been suggested that Web chat be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since June
2014.
• In this typical online chat program, the window to the left shows a list of contacts, and the window
to the right shows a conversation between the user and one of those contacts
• Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-
time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. Chat messages are generally short in
order to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a spoken
conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based online communication
forms such as Internet forums and email. Online chat may address point-to-point communications
as well as multicastcommunications from one sender to many receivers and voice and video chat,
or may be a feature of a web conferencing service.
• Online chat in a less stringent definition may be primarily any direct text-based or video-based
(webcams), one-on-one chat or one-to-many group chat (formally also known as synchronous
conferencing), using tools such as instant messengers, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), talkers and
possibly MUDs. The expression online chatcomes from the word chat which means "informal
conversation". Online chat includes web-based applications that allow communication –often
directly addressed, but anonymous between users in a multi-user environment. Web
conferencing is a more specific online service, that is often sold as a service, hosted on a web server
controlled by the vendor.
5. Search boxA search box or search field is a
common GUI element used in computer
programs, such as file managers or web
browsers, and on web sites. A search box is
usually a single-line text box with the
dedicated function of accepting user input to
be searched for in a database. Search boxes on
web pages are usually used to allow users to
enter a query to be submitted to a Web search
engineserver-side script, where
an index database is queried for entries that
contain one or more of the user's keywords.
Search boxes are commonly accompanied by
a search button (sometime indicated only by a
magnifying glass symbol) to submit the search.
However, the search button may be omitted as
the user may press the enter key to submit the
search, or the search may be sent
automatically to present the user with real-
time results.
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