2. Outline
What is a Supply Chain?
The Importance of Supply Chain
Flows
Process View of a Supply Chain
Examples of Supply Chains
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3. What is Supply Chain Mgmt. ?
SCM is a business network covering from buying, making, moving, warehousing to
selling
Buying
Selling
Making
Moving
Ware
housing
4. What is a Supply Chain?
All stages involved, directly or
indirectly, in fulfilling a customer
request
Includes manufacturers, suppliers,
transporters, warehouses, retailers,
customers
Within each company, the supply
chain includes all functions involved in
fulfilling a customer request (product
development, marketing, operations,
distribution, finance, customer service)
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5. Stages of a Detergent Supply
Chain
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Timber
Company
Paper
Manufacturer
Distributor
Packaging
Chemical
Manufacturer
P&G or Other
Manufacturer
Wal-Mart
Or Third
Party
distribut-
or
Wal-Mart
Store
Customer
6. What is a Supply Chain?
Customer is an integral part of the supply chain
Includes movement of products from suppliers to
manufacturers to distributors, but also includes
movement of information, funds, and products in
both directions
Probably more accurate to use the term “supply
network” or “supply web”
Typical supply chain stages: customers, retailers,
distributors, manufacturers, suppliers
All stages may not be present in all supply chains
(e.g., no retailer or distributor for Dell)
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7. What is a Supply Chain?
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Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer
Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer
Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer
8. Flows in a Supply Chain
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Customer
Information
Product
Funds
9. The Objective of a Supply
Chain
1. To maximize overall value generated
2. To look for Sources of Revenue and Cost
3. Improving the visibility of the demand
4. Improving the quality
5. Minimizing the time
6. Reduces the transportation cost
7. Reduces warehousing cost
8. Expanding width/depth of distribution
9. Product Life cycle support
10. Rationalize supplier base
11. Service orientation
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10. The Objective of a Supply
Chain
Example: Dell receives $2000 from a customer
for a computer (revenue)
Supply chain incurs costs (information, storage,
transportation, components, assembly, etc.)
Difference between $2000 and the sum of all of
these costs is the supply chain profit
Supply chain profitability is total profit to be
shared across all stages of the supply chain
Supply chain success should be measured by
total supply chain profitability, not profits at an
individual stage
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11. Process View of a Supply
Chain
Cycle view: processes in a supply
chain are divided into a series of
cycles, each performed at the
interfaces between two successive
supply chain stages
Push/pull view: processes in a supply
chain are divided into two categories
depending on whether they are
executed in response to a customer
order (pull) or in anticipation of a
customer order (push) 11
13. Cycle View of a Supply Chain
Each cycle occurs at the interface between two
successive stages
Customer order cycle (customer-retailer)
Replenishment cycle (retailer-distributor)
Manufacturing cycle (distributor-manufacturer)
Procurement cycle (manufacturer-supplier)
Cycle view clearly defines processes involved and
the owners of each process. Specifies the roles and
responsibilities of each member and the desired
outcome of each process.
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14. Customer Order Cycle
Involves all processes directly
involved in receiving and filling the
customer’s order
Customer arrival
Customer order entry
Customer order fulfillment
Customer order receiving
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15. Replenishment Cycle
All processes involved in replenishing
retailer inventories (retailer is now the
customer)
Retail order trigger
Retail order entry
Retail order fulfillment
Retail order receiving
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16. Manufacturing Cycle
All processes involved in replenishing
distributor (or retailer) inventory
Order arrival from the distributor,
retailer, or customer
Production scheduling
Manufacturing and shipping
Receiving at the distributor, retailer, or
customer
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17. Procurement Cycle
All processes necessary to ensure that materials
are available for manufacturing to occur according
to schedule
Manufacturer orders components from suppliers
to replenish component inventories
However, component orders can be determined
precisely from production schedules (different
from retailer/distributor orders that are based on
uncertain customer demand)
Important that suppliers be linked to the
manufacturer’s production schedule
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18. Push/Pull View of Supply
Chains
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Procurement,
Manufacturing and
Replenishment cycles
Customer Order
Cycle
Customer
Order Arrives
PUSH PROCESSES PULL PROCESSES
19. Push/Pull View of
Supply Chain Processes
Supply chain processes fall into one of
two categories depending on the timing
of their execution relative to customer
demand
Pull: execution is initiated in response to
a customer order (reactive) ex. DELL
Push: execution is initiated in anticipation
of customer orders (speculative) ex.
TOYOTA
Push/pull boundary separates push
processes from pull processes 19
20. Supply Chain in a Firm
All supply chain processes can be
classified into
◦ Customer relationship management
◦ Internal supply chain management
◦ Supplier relationship management
The three macro processes manage
the flow of information, product, and
funds required to generate, receive,
and fulfill a customer request.
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22. Examples of Supply Chains
Dell / Compaq/HP
Toyota / GM / Ford
Amazon
Flipkart
What are some key issues in these
supply chains?
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23. Toyota
Where should plants be located, what degree of
flexibility should each have, and what capacity
should each have?
Should plants be able to produce for all markets?
How should markets be allocated to plants?
What kind of flexibility should be built into the
distribution system?
How should this flexible investment be valued?
What actions may be taken during product design
to facilitate this flexibility?
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24. Amazon.com
Why is Amazon building more warehouses as it grows? How
many warehouses should it have and where should they be
located?
What advantages does selling books via the Internet provide?
Are there disadvantages?
Why does Amazon stock bestsellers while buying other titles
from distributors?
Does an Internet channel provide greater value to a bookseller
like Borders or to an Internet-only company like Amazon?
Should traditional booksellers like Borders integrate e-
commerce into their current supply?
For what products does the e-commerce channel offer the
greatest benefits? What characterizes these products?
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27. FACILITIES
It has plants in Maharashtra, Kerala, Jammu &
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, UP, Orissa, Jharkhand and north
Bengal.
Its current capacity is estimated at 3.50-crore
cases per annum.
Maharashtra contributes 30 per cent of the
company’s total sales.
28. INVENTORY:
About 50 tones of stock are dispatched in a
day.
They stock water as inventory.
They use computer software (IN FLOW) for
inventory management, which helps them to:
-Replenishment
–Monitoring Inventory levels
–Information on current stock levels
29. Sourcing
Sources water from the Himalayas.
It also sources water from rivers and
treat it.
It sources plastics for bottle from
Manjushree Technopack Ltd, a
provider of rigid plastic(Bangalore).
30. TRANSPORTATION
On a national level, there are 2,000 trucks- on-
call for Bisleri, while the number of trucks
averages 300 and 250 in the Mumbai and Delhi
markets.
It also uses railways.
31. PRICING
They provide low pricing strategy.
They offer some discount on purchase
bundle or case of mineral water.