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The Contribution and Impact of Mary Magdalene
                              on the
            Development and Expression on Christianity
You will need to use references to texts etc. and quotes wherever possible.

Her Contribution

   1. She helped Christianity develop in its formative years.
         a. By providing for Jesus’ physical requirements (food, shelter, resources)
             from her own resources (with other women).
         b. Arguably she provided a sounding board for Jesus’ to clarify his ideas.
             This is supported through a reading of the Gospel of Mary.
         c. She supported Jesus as a friend by staying with him during the
             crucifixion and while the tomb was prepared.
         d. She was a first witness to the resurrection and therefore proof that he
             was the “saviour” – central to Christian belief.
         e. She was the first to “spread the good news” of the resurrection to the
             apostles and thus became the “apostle to the apostles”.
         f. Her presence and closeness to Jesus during his ministry would have
             encouraged other marginalised women to listen to his teaching and
             approach him for healing. She also would have told others of her
             healing (Jesus casting out seven demons).
         g. She broadened the base of people Jesus’ ministry reached including
             women.
         h. She reassured and encouraged the apostles who were scared and
             despondent after Jesus’ death. It can be inferred from The Gospel of
             Mary that she kept Christianity going as it may have died out as a
             movement.

   2. She contributed to later Christianity (after the Schism of 1054 C.E.).
         a. She was seen as a symbol of repentance by the Roman Church after her
             identification in a sermon by Pope Gregory in 591, which said: "She
             whom Luke calls the sinful woman, whom John calls Mary [of Bethany],
             we believe to be the Mary from whom seven devils were ejected
             according to Mark."
         b. In the Orthodox Churches she was seen as having been a virtuous
             woman all her life and as a witness to the resurrection and because of
             her subsequent missionary activity in spreading the Gospel, she is
             known by the title, “Equal to the Apostles”.

   3. In the 20th Century she has become a subject of interest and a heroine for
      feminist theologians who reject the patriarchal notion that women are to be
      submissive and led rather than lead.
          a. Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (a Catholic theologian from the Harvard
              Divinity School) in “In Memory of Her” (1983) sees the identification of
              Mary Magdalene with a prostitute as evidence of misinterpretation of
              scripture by a patriarchal church structure and as a result a sidelining of
              women within the Church. The rejection of the Gospels of Philip and
Mary that present Mary as both a teacher and leader are further
             evidence of this.
          b. Jane Schaberg’s book, “The Resurrection of Mary Magdalene” (2002)
             tries to restore Magdalene’s image as a women who was faithful to her
             teacher to the end and that her labelling over time was due to the threat
             that a women was too close to Jesus and knew to much.
          c. She is a rallying point for movements advocating the ordination of
             women and/or greater involvement in Church management and
             decision making.

Her Impact

   1. Attempting to come to terms with who she was has, over the centuries, led to:
          a. Division between the Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
          b. The development of new branches of religious study and investigation
             such as feminist theology, and new interpretations (readings) of scripture
             analysing instances of possible male bias.
          c. Conflict and controversy over the power structure of the Church in its
             earliest years and in modern times.
          d. Renewed interest in non-canonical gospels and the study of ancient
             Christian texts and early Christianity.
          e. Inspiration and the provision of a role model
                   i. for women seeking ordination.
                  ii. for people seeking repentance.
          f. A new focus for some in seeing Mary’s treatment by, and relationship to,
             Jesus as meaning that human pre-occupation with gender struggles is
             perhaps missing the point, and that Mary Magdalene is an example of
             faith rather than someone who Jesus used to redress the balance of the
             sexes.
          g. A reinvigoration of interest in Christianity and the workings of the
             Christian Church through analysis of her role in popular culture.

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Mary Magdalene - Contribution and Impact

  • 1. The Contribution and Impact of Mary Magdalene on the Development and Expression on Christianity You will need to use references to texts etc. and quotes wherever possible. Her Contribution 1. She helped Christianity develop in its formative years. a. By providing for Jesus’ physical requirements (food, shelter, resources) from her own resources (with other women). b. Arguably she provided a sounding board for Jesus’ to clarify his ideas. This is supported through a reading of the Gospel of Mary. c. She supported Jesus as a friend by staying with him during the crucifixion and while the tomb was prepared. d. She was a first witness to the resurrection and therefore proof that he was the “saviour” – central to Christian belief. e. She was the first to “spread the good news” of the resurrection to the apostles and thus became the “apostle to the apostles”. f. Her presence and closeness to Jesus during his ministry would have encouraged other marginalised women to listen to his teaching and approach him for healing. She also would have told others of her healing (Jesus casting out seven demons). g. She broadened the base of people Jesus’ ministry reached including women. h. She reassured and encouraged the apostles who were scared and despondent after Jesus’ death. It can be inferred from The Gospel of Mary that she kept Christianity going as it may have died out as a movement. 2. She contributed to later Christianity (after the Schism of 1054 C.E.). a. She was seen as a symbol of repentance by the Roman Church after her identification in a sermon by Pope Gregory in 591, which said: "She whom Luke calls the sinful woman, whom John calls Mary [of Bethany], we believe to be the Mary from whom seven devils were ejected according to Mark." b. In the Orthodox Churches she was seen as having been a virtuous woman all her life and as a witness to the resurrection and because of her subsequent missionary activity in spreading the Gospel, she is known by the title, “Equal to the Apostles”. 3. In the 20th Century she has become a subject of interest and a heroine for feminist theologians who reject the patriarchal notion that women are to be submissive and led rather than lead. a. Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (a Catholic theologian from the Harvard Divinity School) in “In Memory of Her” (1983) sees the identification of Mary Magdalene with a prostitute as evidence of misinterpretation of scripture by a patriarchal church structure and as a result a sidelining of women within the Church. The rejection of the Gospels of Philip and
  • 2. Mary that present Mary as both a teacher and leader are further evidence of this. b. Jane Schaberg’s book, “The Resurrection of Mary Magdalene” (2002) tries to restore Magdalene’s image as a women who was faithful to her teacher to the end and that her labelling over time was due to the threat that a women was too close to Jesus and knew to much. c. She is a rallying point for movements advocating the ordination of women and/or greater involvement in Church management and decision making. Her Impact 1. Attempting to come to terms with who she was has, over the centuries, led to: a. Division between the Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches. b. The development of new branches of religious study and investigation such as feminist theology, and new interpretations (readings) of scripture analysing instances of possible male bias. c. Conflict and controversy over the power structure of the Church in its earliest years and in modern times. d. Renewed interest in non-canonical gospels and the study of ancient Christian texts and early Christianity. e. Inspiration and the provision of a role model i. for women seeking ordination. ii. for people seeking repentance. f. A new focus for some in seeing Mary’s treatment by, and relationship to, Jesus as meaning that human pre-occupation with gender struggles is perhaps missing the point, and that Mary Magdalene is an example of faith rather than someone who Jesus used to redress the balance of the sexes. g. A reinvigoration of interest in Christianity and the workings of the Christian Church through analysis of her role in popular culture.