Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Basic Physics Of Transoesophageal Echocardiography For The Workshop2
1. Physics of Echocardiography Dr. Anil Kumar H.R Junior Consultant Department of Anaesthesiology Narayana Hrudayalaya
2.
3.
4.
5. As sound propagates through a medium the particles of the medium vibrate Air at equilibrium, in the absence of a sound wave Compressions and rarefactions that constitute a sound wave
6. Compressions and rarefactions which constitute the sound wave can be represented as “Sine wave” Amplitude - maximal compression of particles above the baseline Wavelength - distance between the two nearest points of equal pressure and density
7.
8. Sound velocity in different materials Material Velocity ( m/s) Air 330 Water 1497 Metal 3000 - 6000 Fat 1440 Blood 1570 Soft tissue 1540
34. A – mode shows the Amplitude of reflected energy at certain depth B- Brightness mode shows the energy as the brightness of the point M- Motion mode the reflector is moving so if the depth is shown in a time plot, the motion will be seen as a curve A B C
42. A single ‘FRAME’ being formed from one full sweep of beams A ‘CINE LOOP’ from multiple FRAMES
43.
44.
45. Comparison between 2-D and Doppler So, both are complementary to each other 2-D Doppler Ultrasound target Tissue Blood Goal of diagnosis Anatomy Physiology Type of information Structural Functional
48. OBSERVER 2 Long wavelength Low frequency OBSERVER 1 Small wavelength High frequency
49. Doppler Frequency Shift - Higher returned frequency if RBCs are moving towards the and lower if the cells are moving away Doppler principle as applied in Echo..
55. Importance of being parallel to flow when detecting flow through the aortic valve
56. Velocity is directly proportional to frequency shift and for clinical use it is usual to discuss velocity rather than frequency shift ( although either is correct) V f d / cos V = c f d / 2 f o cos V f d
62. 1/2 PV 2 Pressure Kinetic Energy Potential Energy P = 4V 2 Bernoulli Equation Balancing Kinetic and Potential energy This goes down.. As this goes up..
68. Full spectral display of a high velocity profile fully recorded by CW Doppler PW display is aliased, or cut off, and the top is placed at the bottom
69.
70.
71.
72. Multigated, PW Doppler in which blood flow velocities are sampled at many locations along many lines covering the entire imaging sector
73. Echo data is processed through two channels that ultimately combine the image with the color flow data in the final display.
74.
75. CFM v/s Angiography CFM Angiography Records velocity not flow; So in MR, CFM jet area consists of both atrial and ventricular blood – Billiard Ball Effect Records flow Larger regurgitant orifice area there will be smaller jet area Larger regurgitant orifice area there will be larger jet area