Earthquakes, Geography

1. Amy Vaselenko

2.  Shaking of Earth’s
surface due to sudden
movement of rock in
Earth’s crust.
 These movements
take place along zones
of crushed rock that
separate blocks of
crust known as faults.

3. The slipping and
movement of the rock
along the fault line
release energy resulting
in the vibrations and
shaking we feel called
seismic waves.

4. 1. Friction along the fault
holds the blocks in place.
2. Stress builds up as these
blocks of crust try to
move.
3. Pressure becomes
stronger than the friction
holding the blocks
together.
4. The blocks are able to
suddenly slip, resulting
in an earthquake.

5. RICHTER SCALE MOMENT MAGNITUDE
 Earthquake magnitude is
found by the amplitude
recorded by seismographs.
 Adjustments are made for
the variation of the distance
from the epicenter to the
seismographs.
 Uses seismograph and the
physical movements that
occur during an earthquake to
get the “seismic moment.”
 The seismic moment defines
how much force was needed
to generate the recorded
waves.
 Information is put into the
moment magnitude scale to
show the amount of energy
that was released during the
earthquake.

6. RICHTER SCALE MOMENT MAGNITUDE

7.  Earthquakes occur
along the edges of
oceanic and
continental plates.
 These plates
consistently bump
into one another, or
pull away or past each
other causing an
earthquake.

8.  The states that have
the most recorded
earthquakes are
1. Alaska
2. California
3. Hawaii
4. Nevada
5. Washington
6. Idaho
7. Wyoming
8. Montana
9. Utah
10. Oregon

9. Although most low
magnitude earthquakes
can not be felt,
occasional earthquakes
of high intensity can
cause severe destruction
to the affected land and
have even been the cause
of death to many people
around the world.

10.  The shaking caused by
seismic waves can cause
damage and collapsing
of buildings.
 The intensity of the
earthquake and the
damage that may follow
depend on several
factors.
1. Earthquake size
2. Distance from fault
3. Regional geology

11.  Landslides are
possible effects of
earthquakes.
 The stresses of seismic
waves can cause
unstable hillsides or
mountains to give
way.
 Roads and highways
can become blocked.

12.  Formed from a
sudden vertical offset
in the ocean.
 Flooding from
tsunamis can destroy
land and threaten the
lives of those in the
affected location.

13. High magnitude earthquakes
can impact the environment in
many ways.
Short-term impacts
Destruction of homes, buildings,
and roads.
Long term impacts
Cost of rebuilding.
Social impacts
Death, and loss of
communication.
Economic impacts
Loss of buildings and important
items
Environmental impacts
Landslides and flooding

14. Since earthquakes are natural
disasters, there is no way to
prevent there occurrence.
However, there are ways to
prepare for an earthquake.
 Buildings should be built
with a strong foundation.
 Buildings should be
flexible as well as strong
so energy can be
absorbed.
 Emergency kits should be
made and kept up to date.
Items that should be included
in an emergency kit
1. Gallons of water
2. Non-perishable food
items
3. Flashlight
4. Battery powered radio
5. Extra batteries
6. First aid kit
7. Cell phone
8. Emergency contacts

15.  Earthquakes occur when the stress at a fault line causes
plates of crust to suddenly slip.
 The intensity of earthquakes varies significantly from
very slight to severe, which may cause much damage.
 Other natural disasters, such as, landslides and
tsunamis may be caused by earthquakes.
 No way to prevent earthquakes.
 We can prepare for an earthquake.

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