The document discusses carbohydrates and monosaccharides. It describes the classification of monosaccharides as aldosas or ketoses. Aldosas are further classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain. Three-carbon aldosas include glyceraldehyde, while four-carbon aldosas include four stereoisomers known as diastereomers. The document also mentions the importance of carbohydrates as they are essential for life and have many industrial applications.

1. SEMINARIO DE BIOQUÍMICA
CARBOHIDRATOS
FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA
DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
NURY ESPERANZA VARGAS
MSc CIENCIAS BÁSICAS

2. TABLA PERIODICA DE LOS ELEMENTOS

3. ÁTOMOS de acuerdo con Dalton

4. J.J. Thomson
Rutherford
BÖHR

5. Dualidad onda-partícula de De Broglie
(1924)
De Broglie
Ecuación de Schrödinger
(1926)
Schrödinge
r

6. ÓRBITALES

7. Principio de Exclusión de Pau

8. ENLACE QUÍMICO

9. Enlace iónico
Enlace covalente

10. ALGUNOS ENLACES

11. MOLÉCULAS

13. HIBRIDACIÓN SP3
HIBRIDACIÓN SP3
HIBRIDACIÓN SP2

20. EXPERIMENTO
DE
MILLER
CONCEPTO DE
OPARIN

24. Introducción
Son polihidroxi aldehídos o cetonas o
compuestos que conducen a ellos por
hidrólisis y sus derivados.
Se denominan Hidratos de carbono por
responder muchos de ellos a la formula
empírica:
C (H2O)n

25. Se producen en la fotosíntesis.
Las plantas verdes contienen clorofila que
capta de la luz solar la energía necesaria
para realizar el proceso:
6 CO2 + H2O
C6(H2O)6 + 6 O2

27. CLASIFICACIÓN
C
a Aldosas
r Monosacárid
b os
Azúcare Cetosas
o
h s
-2 Di
i Oligosacárid
-3 Tri
d os
r -4 tetr
a -5 pent
t Polisacárid
-6 Hex
o os
-7 Hept
s

28. IMPORTANCIA
- Como principios inmediatos son soportes de la
vida
Alimento Cultura Alcohol
- Casa Higiene Medicina
Proporcionan:
Vestido Comodidad Decoración
- Muchas Polímero Furfural Políesteres
aplicaciones s
Sintesis Conserva Farmacia
en la industria
Química Quiral Celulosa Bebidas

29. MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
Tres carbonos: Aldotriosas
CHO CHO
H C OH HO C H
CH2 OH CH2 OH
D (+) L (-) current point 1
Gliceraldéhido

30. MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
1 1033 3122 3425]
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas
1201952 134580 2580 DSt [13 II 1952 17144370 [1 504370 1952 20DSt [131952 2416 DSt [3 [14370
3122 2580 4352 3125]
1822 2606 3845 3105]
4513 2756 4921 1904]
4352 2736 1427 1878]
4214 1904 2464 2455]
4552 1878 1952 2416]
1796 2086 4370 1714]
2095 2047 2464 40 D chem
1952 134540 3425 1714] dict begin2606dL [14 I 3122 3425 1714] [0 II 1453 2606 DSt I I
4370 [12 3122 1952 20St gr [0 1453 211 1201952I 134580 2580 chemdict1952 1714 DSt Db 43
dDSt59 50 4882 2606]
dL [14 I I 1453 2580] gr 1 1796 2047 2464 2455]
26062095 1345 1952 2416]
]d end DSt Db 4370 1714]
[1 gs 1952 [12 2464 40 DSt [2
/bs[[1 DSt54 I 40 1714 DSt gr I
SP 4552 2086 1427 1878]
2 4214 1878 4921 1904]
3122 2606 1453 2580]
1822 2756 4882 2606]
4513 2736 4352 3125]
4352 1904 3845 3105]
1 2580 3122 3425]
1033 begin SP
AmvexecppnpmvacOB/bLl}for0-1aAesc360mvCBlW16orOpyfilllyInc.stgrsmrog/bbcpsetgraypywxlWg1Computing,
p}{sqrtmv1lppp1pxaRdictSApxrolt{-12.224.6oarcal12w0.5eq{dpmvsmgpyacsteq{D0rO-1pp1psplscscpy21current118dvcm
OrA{pybdmvO12rbW1atppy-1p21.6pympybegin/versionpxsneg0sc}b/Ov{OrAn/eypwbpxdash}d/cRAA}{1ne{py
grestoregrearcn901ro{bs-9.6rOdva}ie}b/WWwL/l/lineto0dvneS}ie5cmne1dppystppfillm8cpcvix8cm0def}b/d/defssmw3
cYHA}{dLaLlp145pyn00grem2b1-.6lpx1ScientificpyrlSAcWgrmvg/wbbW1DLBA}{1.5lpx2opx0-1fillL/l/linetdv16-1.p
vsa}b/PwFL/gs/gsaveaL omepbWpr/dyA}{1px-4.8gs2sgxl}{xlarcstl18cmcmIpsmlpxAdv12gr}{gsexec00.625.8e2ppwy1s
2p0dvscnpscdicto 0st}{0m1ne{bW00xl-8sp-1gsneg}if/pxesgnegwy0}{1acdpmv00O-1SAcpt{ppg180acgr}b/wDCArbsL/a
lemDraw{8nst}b/HA{lWmark{bsO6}{Asc0gicwS]}b/dL{dAbsmpx1x8m}{Ascput4ltcmsc}b/dA{[3wbo/cXmncmm0
-2s{dpn atOA}{1P0.6L/ie/ifelsexL/ix/indexpydyCom-2exat1ldef/b{bind0gildpeL/S{sfscne{bWpxmvDA}{1800DS
A}{cw05stLasercount01.2x180ac2gr}{gs012sx0dv/bdpx0cv00gracgslrOmmt1dupt4.8bridgexl0gr}b/In{px3acx0gsmst}{
pyRightneg2.25bdpxp 8Cambridge 3x/dxype[]tr-2dpCA23aarcnep0POB/bL0m-10vro4oe63mcmpx{wD-2s{nHe -1arc
180 pyLBclip}b/CtgrDLBrad1sm0st 0180ac{wDlt{1rOpLBclip}b/Ctscmdef}binddvx}ifg4lW1ific0peq{DB}{DS
mm-.6 py1986,pyac sc pycmpyst1.5 DLBrsx180 }{0x1CAgrLasernp2fillend}b/Db{bs{dp1}]oarcdpSALBs/wxebW
ransformmpexBnp-1 x 0 mcptt12pcpg0l5pxe2.2525.80DA}{cwpx0.3px27ltrD}{DS}iedvS}if/lpxlwDacsm1a1.5
6-1mv pp pcp gssgdv neg Dg/wacrot SA tr -1LBixppmvlppL/mt/matrixscSAradwyDA}{270324.64acSA21.6lxnb
ctdp nega}{ex 8n/ex 1 ey 0 v1808 g scDA}{dLmvxsmbdperlinetorocvneg2cmchemdictscBd180psc12dvrO dvgra
t{1rO 1.2 neg}if/py end}b/Db{bs{dp sqrt23wFransformOA}{1lplpgr}b/OB{/bSOA}{11W{gsS]}b/dL{dA0g
scgdvnegpxgsm fillSA x lp L/S{sfsc 5 cm sl2pyp-9.6 x}ifsc1986,py3cmxor{41b1x25.80.5n/dxxixsclWsg-1DA}{c
9.6xWI -9.6at lp1987, m n/eya}ie}b/BW 0dppypescrawlx0p2.25pac4atL/mv/macpyscScientem/aL6lpal0p23npbd
2 v -1T 2 sl n ix8 DA}{dL dpnp n/dx 1ChemDstsg-9.6cppp}ifelsescxZLB-1 apacnegslwa/pxw1earcsgpx2lc1
px b2 l5 wy wx t mt -10bs x dv}{bd}ie{gsl CB-.6npdppgrgr0acpysl0fill}b/SA{aF0SAL/m/mulxrev{neg}ifa
cm 12 L/xl/translatbd 0A}{cw negarcCopyRightpcmwxwrsmradwpdpdv/bd39py360mvx6ngr9.6pxpxl0fill0
dv 0
exec}{al 0 -1l dprad rot chemdict-14 p -1o 90/chemdictmvcountt1.2 mv0g{-1eq{dL}ifpyst}{0Ac}{0.5ls
sm sm mv 3.375 eq{DD}{DS}ie16 -1gcm ms{dpcXpmcp0clippatpsm cp}]ea}ie}b/W12 180rO0.5py dpL/
gr}{pp}{gs 0 ro0.3 dp
/chem grmv rep sc lCA m}b/dA{[3gr mv execlpnpcmvpp}{21.5m/wa}ie}b/BWst}{1.0orlg/cYL/m
dpCA
st
lp 16.8px dp
sc 120
fill put
cv py lp %bW 180SA0OA0dpgsne{bW8m DA}{cwdv2psga0nHwFcwolt cXdp/c
dx 2 userdict1-1py16 pp1gfilldvlW-9.6st21.6wnpatg/cXgsrppgs1exec}b/CS
ne{bWL/gr/grestore5ing,at}b/H cpL/ie/ifelseacendmvpxCA2 -15lpgsnpgrgr
0 a L/tnegwD fill1.2 2}{2.251SApst}{px0.4set-1-1type[]typed/wFrad
p xldp/cYlp pyIl st neg}if/py sDA}{dLtovet-0.4DA}{dLbeginoxOA}
m ppmv eq{DB}{Dpp00sm0.6x2700ro0-.6 pSA LB-1 rOBap dxeq{dpdp
x DA}{cw
In 2 n/dy fill
wy -1 sm r
a pAa}b/P0 cm ro rep 120 rad 1 mD 2begin/version rx aR
5 pp}{sqrtmv gs-1st}{0 ey py dpdv}{bd}ielppye xl}{xlx -1
o m2cm dv bWsl cY px ne{bW 2 -80 aro}ie}b/AA{np p 0 p
e 0gs px m -1.6 n2bddict gr m lt 1.5 s3-15 4 arc 3rOn/dy np[{p
fill fill -1sc12 L/gs/gsaven bL pbW r/dy1 py ZLB0360 sg cv1 3rl
gs r/t 1m b2 {8L/xl/translatputl0gsstaAdpr}ifsqrt 0gr}ie}b/Cr{0sg
np pst cw -1 bse 1 lp90aRA{lWmgr A}{1 45 lpr -0.4dv/bdwcW lpCA
cp 81 62.2begin aLo12-1W ebd bdgr xa/py24.6ss neg 1 OA}{19.6
py 0.5 beginnp[{pymlpix st omark{bs st}{Ascp-4.8 pp scs {e}ifcY
dp sc rev{neg}if 01mv div py 2cpt lW-1sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{C
-8 rdp sdv sputa}{ex145eq{gs04 1800px2.2 16pp 2.25 cm aL0 dict
st}b/OrA{py pnp p16.8SA grst pglal 0npdxx/dxrogi3al gr16SApmvv
RA}{6exec}{al l5 ex16 -1sc 1m rOSacxlx mg xcp1sm0.5 gi -1matrix
SA0.6peg2 WnT pxn OBn/exaLhrotgi1CAdef/L{loadCB oL/n/neg ne
l OB scdvnegDAmv2721.6 epCampyprO0DTlgsneg}if/px2x}ifDA}
sm p 0ac setgray 3.375 l}for 180
2 gr}{pp}{gswygs px e 1bsgs
ac HA}{dL 0 sg lsm 1 sm0
dv dp wF
rO dv
0 at {bs al
1987, p
wxbs fill xrot OA}{1dyCB -2fill e
L/ix/index 2 90 fill de
m -1 gs 2.2begin0
round ac lx set sc
rad LB m py pp px
cX
Enantiómeros Enantiómeros
CHO CHO CHO CHO
H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH
H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H
CH 2 O H CH 2 O H CH2 OH CH2 OH
current point 192837465 current po
D-eritrosa L-eritrosa D-treosa L-treosa
DIASTEROISOMEROS

31. MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
1 1033 3122 3425]
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas
1201952 134580 2580 DSt [13 II 1952 17144370 [1 504370 1952 20DSt [131952 2416 DSt [3 [14370
3122 2580 4352 3125]
1822 2606 3845 3105]
4513 2756 4921 1904]
4352 2736 1427 1878]
4214 1904 2464 2455]
4552 1878 1952 2416]
1796 2086 4370 1714]
2095 2047 2464 40 D chem
1952 134540 3425 1714] dict begin2606dL [14 I 3122 3425 1714] [0 II 1453 2606 DSt I I
4370 [12 3122 1952 20St gr [0 1453 211 1201952I 134580 2580 chemdict1952 1714 DSt Db 43
dDSt59 50 4882 2606]
dL [14 I I 1453 2580] gr 1 1796 2047 2464 2455]
26062095 1345 1952 2416]
]d end DSt Db 4370 1714]
[1 gs 1952 [12 2464 40 DSt [2
/bs[[1 DSt54 I 40 1714 DSt gr I
SP 4552 2086 1427 1878]
2 4214 1878 4921 1904]
3122 2606 1453 2580]
1822 2756 4882 2606]
4513 2736 4352 3125]
4352 1904 3845 3105]
1 2580 3122 3425]
1033 begin SP
AmvexecppnpmvacOB/bLl}for0-1aAesc360mvCBlW16orOpyfilllyInc.stgrsmrog/bbcpsetgraypywxlWg1Computing,
p}{sqrtmv1lppp1pxaRdictSApxrolt{-12.224.6oarcal12w0.5eq{dpmvsmgpyacsteq{D0rO-1pp1psplscscpy21current118dvcm
OrA{pybdmvO12rbW1atppy-1p21.6pympybegin/versionpxsneg0sc}b/Ov{OrAn/eypwbpxdash}d/cRAA}{1ne{py
grestoregrearcn901ro{bs-9.6rOdva}ie}b/WWwL/l/lineto0dvneS}ie5cmne1dppystppfillm8cpcvix8cm0def}b/d/defssmw3
cYHA}{dLaLlp145pyn00grem2b1-.6lpx1ScientificpyrlSAcWgrmvg/wbbW1DLBA}{1.5lpx2opx0-1fillL/l/linetdv16-1.p
vsa}b/PwFL/gs/gsaveaL omepbWpr/dyA}{1px-4.8gs2sgxl}{xlarcstl18cmcmIpsmlpxAdv12gr}{gsexec00.625.8e2ppwy1s
2p0dvscnpscdicto 0st}{0m1ne{bW00xl-8sp-1gsneg}if/pxesgnegwy0}{1acdpmv00O-1SAcpt{ppg180acgr}b/wDCArbsL/a
lemDraw{8nst}b/HA{lWmark{bsO6}{Asc0gicwS]}b/dL{dAbsmpx1x8m}{Ascput4ltcmsc}b/dA{[3wbo/cXmncmm0
-2s{dpn atOA}{1P0.6L/ie/ifelsexL/ix/indexpydyCom-2exat1ldef/b{bind0gildpeL/S{sfscne{bWpxmvDA}{1800DS
A}{cw05stLasercount01.2x180ac2gr}{gs012sx0dv/bdpx0cv00gracgslrOmmt1dupt4.8bridgexl0gr}b/In{px3acx0gsmst}{
pyRightneg2.25bdpxp 8Cambridge 3x/dxype[]tr-2dpCA23aarcnep0POB/bL0m-10vro4oe63mcmpx{wD-2s{nHe -1arc
180 pyLBclip}b/CtgrDLBrad1sm0st 0180ac{wDlt{1rOpLBclip}b/Ctscmdef}binddvx}ifg4lW1ific0peq{DB}{DS
mm-.6 py1986,pyac sc pycmpyst1.5 DLBrsx180 }{0x1CAgrLasernp2fillend}b/Db{bs{dp1}]oarcdpSALBs/wxebW
ransformmpexBnp-1 x 0 mcptt12pcpg0l5pxe2.2525.80DA}{cwpx0.3px27ltrD}{DS}iedvS}if/lpxlwDacsm1a1.5
6-1mv pp pcp gssgdv neg Dg/wacrot SA tr -1LBixppmvlppL/mt/matrixscSAradwyDA}{270324.64acSA21.6lxnb
ctdp nega}{ex 8n/ex 1 ey 0 v1808 g scDA}{dLmvxsmbdperlinetorocvneg2cmchemdictscBd180psc12dvrO dvgra
t{1rO 1.2 neg}if/py end}b/Db{bs{dp sqrt23wFransformOA}{1lplpgr}b/OB{/bSOA}{11W{gsS]}b/dL{dA0g
scgdvnegpxgsm fillSA x lp L/S{sfsc 5 cm sl2pyp-9.6 x}ifsc1986,py3cmxor{41b1x25.80.5n/dxxixsclWsg-1DA}{c
9.6xWI -9.6at lp1987, m n/eya}ie}b/BW 0dppypescrawlx0p2.25pac4atL/mv/macpyscScientem/aL6lpal0p23npbd
2 v -1T 2 sl n ix8 DA}{dL dpnp n/dx 1ChemDstsg-9.6cppp}ifelsescxZLB-1 apacnegslwa/pxw1earcsgpx2lc1
px b2 l5 wy wx t mt -10bs x dv}{bd}ie{gsl CB-.6npdppgrgr0acpysl0fill}b/SA{aF0SAL/m/mulxrev{neg}ifa
cm 12 L/xl/translatbd 0A}{cw negarcCopyRightpcmwxwrsmradwpdpdv/bd39py360mvx6ngr9.6pxpxl0fill0
dv 0
exec}{al 0 -1l dprad rot chemdict-14 p -1o 90/chemdictmvcountt1.2 mv0g{-1eq{dL}ifpyst}{0Ac}{0.5ls
sm sm mv 3.375 eq{DD}{DS}ie16 -1gcm ms{dpcXpmcp0clippatpsm cp}]ea}ie}b/W12 180rO0.5py dpL/
gr}{pp}{gs 0 ro0.3 dp
/chem grmv rep sc lCA m}b/dA{[3gr mv execlpnpcmvpp}{21.5m/wa}ie}b/BWst}{1.0orlg/cYL/m
dpCA
st
lp 16.8px dp
sc 120
fill put
cv py lp %bW 180SA0OA0dpgsne{bW8m DA}{cwdv2psga0nHwFcwolt cXdp/c
dx 2 userdict1-1py16 pp1gfilldvlW-9.6st21.6wnpatg/cXgsrppgs1exec}b/CS
ne{bWL/gr/grestore5ing,at}b/H cpL/ie/ifelseacendmvpxCA2 -15lpgsnpgrgr
0 a L/tnegwD fill1.2 2}{2.251SApst}{px0.4set-1-1type[]typed/wFrad
p xldp/cYlp pyIl st neg}if/py sDA}{dLtovet-0.4DA}{dLbeginoxOA}
m ppmv eq{DB}{Dpp00sm0.6x2700ro0-.6 pSA LB-1 rOBap dxeq{dpdp
x DA}{cw
In 2 n/dy fill
wy -1 sm r
a pAa}b/P0 cm ro rep 120 rad 1 mD 2begin/version rx aR
5 pp}{sqrtmv gs-1st}{0 ey py dpdv}{bd}ielppye xl}{xlx -1
o m2cm dv bWsl cY px ne{bW 2 -80 aro}ie}b/AA{np p 0 p
e 0gs px m -1.6 n2bddict gr m lt 1.5 s3-15 4 arc 3rOn/dy np[{p
fill fill -1sc12 L/gs/gsaven bL pbW r/dy1 py ZLB0360 sg cv1 3rl
gs r/t 1m b2 {8L/xl/translatputl0gsstaAdpr}ifsqrt 0gr}ie}b/Cr{0sg
np pst cw -1 bse 1 lp90aRA{lWmgr A}{1 45 lpr -0.4dv/bdwcW lpCA
cp 81 62.2begin aLo12-1W ebd bdgr xa/py24.6ss neg 1 OA}{19.6
py 0.5 beginnp[{pymlpix st omark{bs st}{Ascp-4.8 pp scs {e}ifcY
dp sc rev{neg}if 01mv div py 2cpt lW-1sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{C
-8 rdp sdv sputa}{ex145eq{gs04 1800px2.2 16pp 2.25 cm aL0 dict
st}b/OrA{py pnp p16.8SA grst pglal 0npdxx/dxrogi3al gr16SApmvv
RA}{6exec}{al l5 ex16 -1sc 1m rOSacxlx mg xcp1sm0.5 gi -1matrix
SA0.6peg2 WnT pxn OBn/exaLhrotgi1CAdef/L{loadCB oL/n/neg ne
l OB scdvnegDAmv2721.6 epCampyprO0DTlgsneg}if/px2x}ifDA}
sm p 0ac setgray 3.375 l}for 180
2 gr}{pp}{gswygs px e 1bsgs
ac HA}{dL 0 sg lsm 1 sm0
dv dp wF
rO dv
0 at {bs al
1987, p
wxbs fill xrot OA}{1dyCB -2fill e
L/ix/index 2 90 fill de
m -1 gs 2.2begin0
round ac lx set sc
rad LB m py pp px
cX
D-gliceraldehido
CHO CHO CHO CHO
H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH
H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H
CH 2 O H CH 2 O H CH2 OH CH2 OH
current point 192837465 current po
D-eritrosa L-eritrosa D-treosa L-treosa
L-gliceraldehido

32. Ab/OrA{pycmscnegneggraL1.2px018120cpt-.65neg}if/pxwxgsgs1sg1SA0grcp0lst1sm0lp0st}{pxgpx4dpcpexe
wfilllt{1dpnpgrLasera}{ex0lpSApcptsmlsc0py5pypypg32neg}if/pxarcrOcm2pyp0cmstwlWcpt4-1apcpscs4opx24
A}{6dpChemDrawpydp0px0120DLBpypnpg-1rot-1begin/versionscbegineq{gspygrL/mv/moveto1804sw
dp/cYmvstpexec}{alOA}{1put180ne{bW168type[]type0.5cwdef/b{bindpp}ifelseppygrmx}ifacZLBrr
bW psmfillmvdvstpbdclip}b/Ct{bs0bd21.6cmmv360Computing,pmarc0cmcYlp4pxst1lt{ppSAst}{1.0
gdp-2s{dp0pxclip}b/Ct{bsne{bWbsm}b/dA{[3lppxcwnegpslL/mt/matrixpxbsbLtrm0pepydv/bdroundp
21ix180scnegs{dpmvPrep0lpyscmv1.2l}for3neg6rnpcmlWxl}{xllxcv0pDA}{cwwplst}{Asc25.8-1sggL/m
1CopyRightdppgrLB3.3751grpx0eq{DD}{DS}iedp1r122pxcWnefillg/wbsm0pgs1.51st442p0w39gswxdvix
0ChemDrawst-.6st}b/HA{lWx0end}b/Db{bs{dp5mv1dpx}ifcmebssetgraymdivmvslgisetgray0ap0.5st4
py22mg-.6LBHA}{dLcp1DLBrO00dprOb1360st}{AscgsmrO0lppx23pgrlacbsdef}bindgr1.5cpt4xixx}if01
cw-9.6rO-9.61986,np0.38-9.6radatpscmvg-112gr}{gstype[]typeoar0fill0npWIlsmWIor{41ZLBro}ie}b/A
erdict/chemdictatnfillppx145dpn/eypa}ie}b/WW{gsacpxdv/bd1slyrO1la3oscor{41cmrOlfilllwbexecmSA
gr/grestore-1eL/xl/translatemSA-9.601801802.2180ac180rcXwSAdvbssmacmvsmdef}bind-1sm}b/CB
pp s mCopyRightL/gs/gsave2L/ie/ifelsex/dxarcL/l/lineto90setgraydef/b{bindpybsbLtrscmSAat3scpp
8or scwcm-2m2cppysg8scpatl1987,180xrotScientificpyeq{DB}{DS}ienne{bWdprOl0.4epxoDT}]oro}A
scl mvxexecdv12185ixdictn81OB/bL-10st}{AscpyrO0e0LBs16pmacxL/mt/matrix27SApcp12pxsc0212gr}
cm-1HA}{dLlpslro1987,sgroaLacst-86spbs0msmr0.6gsbeginDA}{cwDA}{2.2504fillgsatpp1lscOA}B
r/transforma}{ex1lnaRpxm1Cambridgene{bW0negs900emvelrbeginsg1.6cm2slgifill2701cmcplW-1sm}
m2exec}{alOA}{12OB/bLcvsclt{-1dx0SAdx316gs16rsgfilln/dynp[{py27p1.6smSwy x1stdv24.6gr}c
-1 px sclwFrOnpst}{0slacdv -10pyx82.2pa}ie}b/BW{wDsgdpcXOA}{10cm2sstlrro poeq{dL}ifsco
pAcmdp21.2mlp1451cv1eq{DD}{DS}iea}ie}b/WW{gsmpx x}ifwydpsmatle2putpsmg/bbxlpp dvw
0DA}{cwdvlxexecmvSArobW21.6rot0dv}{bd}iemvgi L/l/linetos0lppp1st}{Asc0gsdef/L{load -0.4
pp}{sqrtlt{1dpOBn/exmv3.375pyL/S{sfbegin/version2np[{py1npdplylWst}{px4.8mvlrOsetgrayS
gr dv 8sm05arcnmv matwyeye m1 mt-124.6ecpScientific25.810 cmolxwgssfill}b/SA{aFr}if em-1mvp
1 L/gr/grestorepxbW scDA}{dLe1.5DLBpe1804-4.8CAe2.2eq{dprlinetopy sc11 0e pp-1pyxnplWp
dvuserdict/chemdictradnpbd m/wpxcpsmlsc0pssc2.25 oscSAwygspxmvrO0ac 1smSAOA}{1.5DT}
p %2p0r180nCAlpgs1 neg0.3neg12gr}{gsdv}{bd}ieac23wD cp-1.6lppm4clippathdpalgsmv1w80xC
x o sc mv counttomark{bs m tr/dy dy x 0.5 lplbWcYat px p
In ix -9.6-1 ac ac
wy -1 p l0 12 wx px ro m py lpOA}{1 sl cv16 pp g st mt 0 25.8 DA}{270cu
a CA np090 bd
5 dp/cY neggs py
o bW at pywF lro aR 1 0 ey cmdvl sqrt aOB 1 OB -1np pp}ifelse ro dupgr gi L/m/mul
e g gr a}b/PT{8-1 pyl}for-1L/ix/index 50.5 o 1 fill gr27 gs 2 1 gi al 0 0gr}b/In{
fill WI21 5smpe np fill wx b1 aAp1804 m lp25.8 0 6-1.6 oac divmv 3 al ac cv0.4 ocm xl
gs-1b2 bd neg}if/py end}b/Db{bs{dp1.5py-1 1sg3 ppbs210 fill gr}b/OB{/bSdpalp end -0.4
np m2s p aLo1.2 dv st}{0 dp dp 10 am}b/dA{[3 CBnpxDA}{2.25dup 1S 0l end4p cv lp
cp1-1 scmv 16.85 m dp -1 1 SAepy stpxgx20sqrts -2 begin cW bWo ne{bWw setdash}d/cR
py pAmpxWIscln lo 0rix0.6pyCambridge12n/dx-1 2 lWgrfillwx clippath cpdv/bds xgdvpy 0gr}
dp 0p mv gs2.25aLp gsPrepp putOA}{1-4.8ac rev{neg}if dv cmpp}{2p mv m AA}{1a def}
-8pyDA}{cw-9.6gr 90 ac x l-.6n/eyn/dxne{bWpy0wFsg2 16psm 16 4.8OA}{1.5ac px m/a
st}b/OrA{pyat11986,n/ex p 0 tr/dy-1pr0ac12CBe2.2pyacxl}{xlne0 gcmgr 2AA}{1 wy cm 0plW
-1cw p mv -1 parcn 12dpfillggrpx scac2gsgiSA smsc Computing,sc}b/Ov{OrArOfill setdash
RA}{6L/gs/gsave npypy n DA}{dLxpx-1oneg -1p 0.6110CAInc.ac sm np mbdcp 1np83 S}if/lp
SApp}{sqrtmvLaser0pbd chemdict 2px0-1x/dxarcrO1xOA}{1mve Inc.lst pg/bb putdvpp py
l dv2 0neg0exgrL/xl/translatem2xchemdict0sc pp-1SArev{neg}if1 wxSA gr}b/OB{/bSBdfill
pp 12pygdvm0px0.6xcounttomark{bs0xscslaldv/bdeq{dpmvsmecm10 e-1e xfill}b/SA{aFeq{dL
0dvneggr}{pp}{gs L/ie/ifelsexlpDA}{cwLBmDA}{dLe-2sc}b/Ov{OrAZLB a/pylWpxpp la
xl0 pynsmpp0wy neg}if/py DA}{cw sc-8s1DLB6ln/dy0dv0.5 el0lcm 2gr270mt pp acr0lt{pp -1ix
L/tr/transformstppst}b/HA{lW2m/wL/ix/indexlpalpdvCBdpgr-1nexL/mv/moveto0.5a/py303
gr}{pp}{gs r l OB L/S{sfa}ie}b/BW{wD r dyeq{DB}{DS}ie m
0 p
a}b/PT{8b2 0ex rot bW bW s 0wFwD
2 dv p
lp
1 pfill mt l ac glt{-1 DA}{dL S]}b/dL{dA 5 27 eq{gs 39 bd radDA}{2
mv -1 CA 0acdp 24.6p CB
2.25 m dv radro xl gs st}{0 st}{0rlineto p g/wb
rad
cm
16.8 8sc
-1 grdict 1 aA
CA
l gs 2.25 py 16 g
S]}b/dL{dA0
0
r 0py
2 cp pp}{2dv S 2 r}ifa/p
cp g
5
gst}]e px def/L{loa
ne st}]e gr g/cX
rad sc 1 nH
lW 0 wb 9.6
0 -0.4 sc
rad 6
x
MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
Cinco carbonos: Aldopentosas
D-eritrosa D-treosa
C HO CHO
CHO CHO
OH HO C H
HO C H H C
H C OH
H C OH HO C H HO C H
H C OH
H C OH H C OH H C OH
H C OH
CH2OH
CH2OH currentpoint C H OH
currentpoint 192837465 192837465
2 current pointOH
CH curren
19283746
2
D-ribosa D-arabinosa D-xilosa D-lixosa

33. MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
gr 165 2850 1186 3349] 4150 3626 4456]
]d 1 881 4010 746754010] 2589 3218 2589] chemdict DSt SP
[1 end 759 2181 759 3321 209240 DSt2397] I
/bs[[1I 1 6 420040 804505]123 96277080begin SP1186 4010 DSt [3 I 328 DSt [3 I 3145 4456 3
70 [0 7467592487 DSt 403218chemdict3182 [23218 2397begin[2 I 3626 2589 4010 DSt [4 I 742D
638 4662 333Db[03280 4591 2768 4591]
864 4641 1169 1 3145 3470 2727 3775]
762 3520 762]d 2669] 4720 3585 5026]
742 3349 742[1 4641] 3961 3145 3961]
633 4770 328/bs[[1I20746 3075 DSt 20
2669
100 gr end 1 31824505 4613]
2669]
4662]
3825]
3349]
5075]
3155] 3271 3569 40 3075]
4010] 4613 3162 3271]
[12487]
I
1663182
3064
3344
3038
3264
3162
3073
3033 2759
3649
2732 [1 I
x 1 {1 sm mv userdict/chemdictm0py0cvDLBpygsypeCAx5neg}if/pxo cmsDA}{cwsetx}ifmradgslW
In o gr}{pp}{gsm%1por180lpneg5CA08naR-1gs py 180 pbeginscrgsarcvsmln/dycXL/mstppBne{bWg/cXppd
wy p 0 v st
a -1 a}b/PT 0 lwyvcwpx1 py tp0mv OBdxg0pxDA}{dLx1.5mppxrels dppxpp}{21.54.80g-1scor{4L/mcp}p
5 pA dv b2 e p o nac8ix-2dv120negplo1peixpxlL/ie/ifelsew1eop360npbsgrp16 o rx}if st edv/bdrOsc4.8lW0nH
o pp}{sqrt pxlvex03.375L/ie/ifelseaAdictscp1.2ific0bs0.5putOA}{1sm 0.5s giwygsg/wb39L/mv/move
e dp/cYmv wFp aL-1fillscrad omark{bspx1OB/bL-1pm/wpxmScientific216v x lfillsgOA}{1.5st}{Asc25.8-1
fill m exec}{al l5 OBn/exaL1rotDA}{cwsg24.6ml}for-1r002.2o23012wxclippatL/mt/matrixapDT1.51fillc
gsbW 2dv -1 bd neg}if/pypsmputn/ey 1.501ac25-9.6mvacwDcppy0grgrneg0rOmmvdef}bindatdef/L{loadgr}
np 0ix s-1/chemdictm lppycvx -9.6-11 -1xpy3.3750grrot-1CAL/ix/index0cp27sm2np[{pybs02clippathdv1pylW
cpgfillscv 12Isc 2grppx1dplncm-.6erOarcnrot1987,pxsrOro0rev{neg}if0dppp}ifelsecmZLcmac270at04}]ostra/
py pDA}{cwpy npsl}b/HA{lW xpy/wgr0pxscgrm1acrad0 smlsc0s016L/m2sc}b/Ov{OrAv/m25.80-0.4S}if/lp
dp-12 psm W 1.2lppp0gsrbWlt{1scradpbs0xlOA}{1marc1lpycwpypxs0ac180dv/bdeq{dppp0Inc.0.4setdash}d/c3
-818gr 180 py05stmcp12Prepa}b/PT{8mvgr}{gsnpyx21L/l/linet3fillp-1.6lpy5cmscbegindp1mvppxp21st}]ewyse
st}b/OrA{pygr1Laserroixpxmvx120peldva}ie}b/BWe{wDaca}ie}b/BW{wDne{bWlxDA}{2.25e0.5x2p-1CA
-1pyp mmxneg varcn90wdv2-1grWI-9.612scsgScientL/S{sf1SAne{bW0acgs62lpecvSA1grsc}b/Ov{OrAro}ie}
RA}{6px-.6np-9.6at145ac1atHA}{dLac145336012-4.8S]}b/dL{dAcm25.820scIdvbsacstpx4st42smmpyZLB1
SAsc 2cm execpOA}{10OB/bLexecst180st6}{Ascne{bWeq{DB}{DS}ierev{neg}if tgi1cmDA}{270-0.4a
l cw lltmHA}{dLn2.252ro-9.6rO-1at/S{sfL/ix/indexex0bWa}ie}b/WW{gs0r1sgbs-1.6}{pxngs{ppr}ifg/bbpg
pp dprransformclip}b/CtscmpdvpxscOA}{1bWaLneg}if/pxep0-1begin/versionrO0pgrbWgspynppxmv8dv/bd
0 wcm-2s{dpnpa}{ex18pypADLBcm1smxlnpDLBrslgimggs6-8st}{Ascgsg/wb2.2pytellppy1wxcmwgrayOA}{1
xl0CopyRightnegst16.80dictSAstwFL/xl/translateldpcmdvstm}b/dA{[3rpInc.2eq{gsnellyAA}{1dpppxalstSAn
L/tr/t-9.6rOmp{8gsmvcountt1.2mpL/gs/gsavea004pbd2DA}{cwDA}{cwmatx1.600sm0osmersmlWpgrix0cmx0x
L/gr/grestoreatmL/xl/taRfillpgsclp1.220a}ie}b/W8W{gsp25.8DLBfilllygsppCBssmroa127pgrlpsmmcv1sgcpt4p
userdictdpsclpLB1986,nppp}{sqrtLB0ppatsllpmx/dx-1LBdyCompy0dvarcL/l/lineto1npdpcmgrcpt1cmstsm0pp/m0
%2ChemDrawL/gs/gsave{bsmvnpbdlt0{-1m}b/dA{[3b1-.68gr}{gs0ne0t/mat3rixfill0mcppp}ifelsexlpgr}b/Ing
dv gdvCA
dpneg
0 1 L/gr/grestore2a}{exgsPrepm1scCB1ppx6xeq{dpppcmeq{DB}{DS}ieldivend0scputdve
x m2 DA}{dLst r dict p pv l fill o dy ac ac rlineto lW st}{px 4
In -1 x b2 -.6 np SAr -1 dv/bdxl}{xl m mv p ne bL rO cp sl 1S lt{
wycm end}b/Db{bs{dp sqrt 0.6 16 24.6 def/b{bind pnp 0wypp}{2 l exec
a fill 0 sm 5 2.25 -1 ats sc sgdv}{bd}ie0.5 w 1 dve mv16 g ac OA}{1
5 SA 2 0 v m-1ro wx DA}{dL 2 dx e cm OBg-1st0 setgray p s dup tr1 al
o 0.6gr}{pp}{gs lcounttomark{bs 2SA lp0LB cw 1 pxarc SA 5 xSAdpAA}{
e wx 0 -1 chem8cp8n/dx v2.25 py s sgpbW 1 90m sl e lfillgcp eq{gs 2 ZLBm
fill CopyRightp aLp -8 0.60 arcneg n/dy np[{py2.25px 41 dup rOx p ofill}b/SA{a
gsbd sc l}forLaserac rocm Cambridge1 SA-4.8owFlstcm fill}b/SA{aF -1epwxpx
npdp 0dpCambridge pylptype[]t e px x/dx-1 0pgsbeginw0 rac fill mt270cp ac
cp1987, m 180ac1st}{0 eq{DD}{DS}ie bssgi CBep CA 270 bdal 0 pxSA mv180
py}{0 dvey p pxnpmv bd16 ey x3wFaAsg cv4mv 3eComputing, 2 radovetog1Bd39
dpranslatneg 21.6 fill 0.3begin/version rlpDA}{2.25-223smal lmv o a/py e4cp 1w
-8dp/cY 0py0b1pp16.8p180put 21.6xllpx}ifsqrtp aclWxl}{xlgr 1}]eltp2eq{dL}ifrad
st}b/OrA{py bW st}b/HA{lW0allW ac1 negtype[]typepx16pst1 0oSac1mvsm}b/CB
-1bW exec}{al1986,2.2pxdp120chemdict180a-1p sc1cmSAxor{4putwcm bsscsc1lrO
RA}{6dpdp ngrclip}b/Ct{bsSAOB tr/dy p 16graygn wDSAhdef/b{bindm 43bLrOpx
SApy pxne{bW 2 90 5pyend}b/Db{bs{dplmDA}{dLlpgr}b/OB{/bSgr}b/OB{/bS
ll gChemDrawpyt dpdv}{bd}ierdp dpscbeginsmal0acsg2lW27fillgrpydv0st1 gigrgirfilllp
pp0.3 m dp mcptcpwy SAsc0gs18090OA}{1lx1 rOw-1Wpm0 4 pcY3gs-1srolpy3ggr
0sg-1 sc 8bdmv0n r/dydvnegomn/ey}{0sc npdperlinet1py smOA}{1lsmwb1dvlwfillla24.
xl-1p snegmLro neg}if/py neg px0.512-1 cXwy1 0.6cY div}{Asccm1.6mldef}bind0.4
L/tr/transformg l gsex12 dp-1pxmtcpt CBrotdv-1ing,0S]}b/dL{dA0cp00-1WI04pyround6
st gr s{dp l n/ex 0 py m npg x 0 gs cp 2
1 eq{DD}{DS}ie
gr e
8
dv m CA
DA}{cw
2 ne{bW
pyrad sm 2 2.2rO pyst}{0 mcW dp
fill
1
sc st
rO g cm sl 0
0
lt{-1 -2set
180 cW
ac 2
n/dx
a
l
5 st g/bb px
p
l ne 0
ix
bd de
0
Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas
D-ribosa D-arabinosa
CHO CHO CHO CHO
H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H
H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H
H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH
H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH
CH2OH currentpoint 192837465
CH2 OH current pointCH2OH
192837465
currentpoint 192837465
CH2OH currentpoint
D-alosa D-altrosa D-glucosa D-manosa

34. Monosacáridos Estructura
5022 5038]
5034 3995]
5858 4477]
5458 2460] MONOSACARIDOS: ALDOSAS
5030 2662] 78423095 DSt 3759]
5874 gr 3155] 3962 7819 4989]
5044 Db 161 chemdict7406 3962]
5920 ]d 1I 7835 4127 8282 4428]
5441 [1 end 1 3562662 7802 40 5473 2460 begin SPI 7802 4428 DSt I I 8282 3962 DSt I I 7
5473 /bs[[15898 2131 7835[2[1 20
5898 70 [0 207842 99 40begin2431] chemdictDSt [3[2 5441 4477 DSt [4[3 5920 3995 DSt [5[4 50
5 DSt 3339]
50 5442 7802 4689 8219 4562]
40 803808]
4632]
4611]
[1 7981 3459 7396 4583]
40 7707 4562 8298 3262]
7697 2622 80 I I 7835
7918 3262 DSt SP3095] 2431 DSt I
7723
7998
7819 4583 7422 2622]
I 2790 7842
mlp}b/HA{lWmm/wac5stm0pybegin/version0eacxlppp24.6slgist0acwD}]e-10fill0tsc}b/Ov{OrAputcpt{ppcvix8npw0n
A}{1bW1m1lbdep0pyst1.2lnpmvsqrtx{bsp}{0sg21.60px}{AscWlWp10rev{neg}ifatgixacstrix}{Ascdv/bdstogray0ro}ie}
ex08pypxcwne{bW0LBclip}b/Ctfillp1.21mgpxs0fillly0pp}ifelsebLrtcpgspxrOeDT1sg124.6sco/cXsmmmv0-1xlmvlpsta
aserlacrowdpsccmchemdictsc8rsgxgrm1grl}forcv{-1m}b/dA{[3giS]}b/dL{dA2dash}d/cRgistfilllt2ne{pyDT4dpssgix
po1fillOB/bLCambridgemg0p0mvdictSA0.5eq{dp861Scientegr}b/OB{/bSwy1msc8gsx1.6011.5rl-1rad0L/a/add0grfillc
cn90aRgr2xdpputn/eywF16}{AscoarcalS]}b/dL{dAdictscat3smmvgs64.8grsgL/mlygscY3cmxlgrxdvs/wxppxsmd/aF-0.4
Lwyn/exnpy8-9.6g0smxlmvstcmpxs80dv/bd2xs1lt0a}ie}b/Wmst}{Ascst10fill39scg/wbcmneI360}{px0.4CAd/Wppp02
stmv1py0negpxdvsmbdpppp-1pxropxend}b/Db{bs{dpcY2arcL/l/linetopdv-1.6pywxeq{gs12dx18r-1mnscr}ifrO180
smpxP0.61scey-1p21.6atdict}{112-4.8gsdpsccptt12OA}{1st0scsdpOA}{1.5lp00mvsmm0smdef}bindsetx}ifl0mlWCA
eg}if/py28grltmvxldvpdp8scx/dxype[]t-9.6L/S{sfneacsmgs-1LBdyCBAA}{1m dpcp32cm1SAdparcn25.8ppbdeS}if/lo
2.25bd8aL1.2pxro0-.6pLLaser4rixpxwFne{bWbsxerlinetcmarcdv/bd-1eq{dp0pcpro}ie}b/AA{npdv39bbdyxgcmcm
p}b/Ct{bs1rotDA}{cw2cplptpypy0.68beginfilllpstsclpyatxol2{gssteq{DB}{DS}ieZLBsm0OA}{1.5sets0pxBdstrsl
exlp1987,py2mvCAscnpp2.25ac2cvneglSAbWpdp-8sg-1rOacvCBp25.8xcXparcwxS}if/lp4ppgilpx}]e1erix360cppym0
OBnprepChemdpsttr/dypp180aRscDLBcm/waccmg/wb-1eq{gslWstpp0cvlgrgrac/m1sma/pxL/n/neggsdp0fillexeca
at145ac -120-2dp1lt n2a}{ex05DA}{dL616x}ifa}ie}b/BWmvdef}bindepxgraysm2vst}{1.0oOA}{10cYmradpwliX
tmvcountCopyRightp-81ScientificrOCambridgemx/dxrcm10.6fillpxpygsxdef/b{bindgDA}{180cm0.5pscxpxp
r-1nsg-1 gend}b/Db{bs{dpgsn/ex1at 1wpxfill16rotwxmv WI3wFlw0210cptpcmlpxclippat0omtacgsg-11.5-0.4s11ap}
s/gsave bWmts{dpmvS}iepl90-1LB0dppsgxl}{xlarccpcm12-4.8py0.5m04x}ifpgr}b/In{pxg/bb0grlt1DSac40 smrlin
/xl/t ix% DLBcmscacxOA360neg}if/pxe0-2setgray/m0B lp{wDm}{pxDA}{cwsccmm/aLpyAc}{0.5dvrpy-1oar
86,rwx dp/cY2-.6 12pxsgm fillOB/bLn/dylcXaAcm00cm1.6negpegiorOlW1pcmradpy0px27lp021.6wb11nmvnp10
p16.8userdictmbW{-1OA}{1bW3scpyac10rsglp-1.6Inc.2divrscpstn/dyglt{ppcvOA}{10 AA}{1fill43sg4120L/al/
sl12 0.3 atp mmmvlp00e2.2l-1lp1dvnegCBpxdvstr/dydpneg-12.25alSA-2setobWsc27pp}{2ecmgrpydvapxl16.824.
v roranslateexec}{alcp24.61987,om-1rO-.6L/ix/index1804cwCA23e0.5xpp}ifelse s{nHpppxscrOdvl I{wx
gs dpdictSAdvb1-1grm}b/dA{[3L/ie/ifelsedpsc0cmgspxsSA27116radxnp}{270atCAst smp wAA}{1p2sgOA}{1
0st }{0 0fillmrO12pydv}{bd}ie{gs ComputL/mtsc}b/Ov{OrA0 xdv16-13vlL/m/mulrOp4.8pxdef/L{loadx6
3.375cml}forbsprot/gs/gsaveOBppradDA}{cw-10neg}if/pxlmv4dv0ne 0Inc.plpbs L/mcpcpcmend sc}]onH
SAscgr180execl{8L/xl/tPrepx ypeob1sm0lpe pgsmpy smsm11scbeginpx cm5py0scs or{4st0wyDA}{270o1mv
dv L/ie/ifelseI L/ix/indexpydy90xrOpbs1.5 0gn/dx1bs0.5 beginfilllxdv24}]ofillSAh 1 Zmgs onp s/wy ZLB
orad scg -1
ecv p{1Draw ne{bW0.3sc cwn/ey p 1 grlppp}{2py put np[{py pcm st sm rppfill 2 SA radcXf
fill dv gr}{pp}{gs 16 }{0 ac12.2 vnp[{py 16 ne 2 902 fill s end 16l acwb 2 bdv rad gs np 0
gs pp 0180 py negp{wD mt -1npwy2.2 clippath ppgrSA 1 ap-1 pxo lWgs 5 1 {e}if dp cvi/nS
np -9.6-1W dx n/dxgi1dp m CAx xbW 1 16o ac fill}b/SA{aF -0.40-0.43 -1lexec}b/CS{pL/m/m
cp o dp L/S{sf 05 wy arcL/l/lineto0 gr np50ane{bWrO rsg 25.8 s lW1802 x 3 2 S 1 9.6 dash}d/c
py -1120rO
dp tomark{bspen ex st 0SA 1 sc 180 DA}{2.25cm 270ZLB def/L{load1lWacLBrO dp/cY x 2.25
-8 eq{DD}{Dst gso2 lcountt lput2 chemdef/b{bind dupmrO0.4npac 0rOWgr}ie}b/Cr{0 pxgr}{dppd
st}b/OrA{py scl3at}b/HA{lW ark{bsmv 180 gssl or{4lpcp wb rlinetppx6ngrro1 ld/wF a/py gr}b/In
-1 m rsx0cpt 1.5 aLslpx ranslate-10py OA}{1w r sm L/mv/moveto 0eBd1divt e 4 v/m dict pppx3 ac
RA}{6radpyaA1986,np-1n2 rotDA}{cw SA5 sm 40w g/bbpyopp lbsdvnat2ixsl -20 g/cYlW-1Ac}{1.0
SA D A}{dL a}ie}b/BWacraL wDpcWdvgrpyepxsqrtpye dpac1 npdp 4r}ifwapxdef}b/d/defs weq{dL}ifcv
lsc xix2 a}b/PTgr}{gsn wxrad eq{DB}{DS}iegDA}{dL sg wy bs xlo00-1nHp dup al1pp ac e sm}b/CB
pp 1pAsm negneg OBac0.6gs25.8m18000 DLbegin/versionrDASA 1gexeclppwst giLBoveto sc mAA
0px0DA}{cwx-9.6-1gs W2.25rev{neg}ifp 0g27l4 rixOB2 2.2Spacadp g/cXwmvfill}b/SA{aF 3 DA}{1
xl ppp}{sqrta}ie}b/Wrsle180 eymSA-12py 3360pp ificeComsputing, grmne{bWbL sg al prO atg/cX lW
L/tr/transformarcnmrobdCBeq{DD}{DS}iep2type[]typex}ifmeq{dL}ifgr}b/wD0e 0cXxw cmlW gr
L/gr/grestorepyneg}if/py st 0elppbegingr}{gspxmt algr ll dv/bdcmpp0roundlp 270staLr4mv}{021sga bs
xfill
In
wy
a
5 HA}{dL gr a03.375 x 120 dv ing, o 2 p xx gs 1 cWw sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{cB}{
v 180 m 1 s mv bd ro 23 l0 ac cp st}{0 al a/py gp cp ap gs py L/np/newpa
/chem DLB -1 0.5 rm CAlxdv}{bd}ie ro bd OA}{1 -1 m 9.6 SA gr roundp
neg 5 16.8 py
CA SA12 dp DA}{dL a bs sm px0 e
dv b2
np v sm 0
mv gs lW
145 0 npcp n
ne{bW sm0 SA DA}{2.25r gr}b/OB{/bSx
dx pl sm xl}{xl
1.5 set 4 g al x aR
currentmat wxwF
l
Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas
D-xilosa D-lixosa
C HO
C HO CHO
C HO
H C OH
HO C H OH HO C H
H C
H C OH HO H
H C OH C
HO C H
HO C H
HO C H HO C H
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH H C OH
H C OH
C H 2OH current point 192837465
C H OH C H OH
current po
current pointC 192837465 point 192837465
2 H OH
2 current 2
D-gulosa D-idosa D-galactosa D-talosa

35. MONOSACARIDOS: CETOSAS
Tres carbonos: Cetotriosa
CH2 OH
C O
CH2 OH
Dihidroxiacetona

36. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CETOSAS
Cuatro carbonos: Cetotetrosas
CH2 OH CH2 OH
C O C O
H C OH HO C H
CH2 OH CH2 OH
D-eritrulosa L-eritrulosa

37. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CETOSAS
Cinco carbonos:
Cetopentosas
CH2OH CH2OH
C O C O
H C OH HO C H
H C OH H C OH
CH2OH CH2OH
D-ribulosa D-xilulosa

38. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CETOSAS
Cinco carbonos:
Cetopentosas
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
C O C O C O C O
H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H
H C OH H C OH HO C H HO C H
H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
D-psicosa D-fructosa D-Sorbosa D-tagatosa
D-ribulosa D-xilulosa

39. MONOSACARIDOS: CICLOS
OH
H O
C + R OH H C OR
R´ R´
Aldehido + Alcohol Hemiacetal
OH
R´ O
C + R OH R´ C OR
R´ R´
Cetona + Alcohol Hemicetal

40. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CICLOS
H O
HO C H H C OH
C
H C OH H C OH
H C OH O
O HO C H
HO C H HO C H
H C OH H C OH
H C OH
H C H C
H C OH
CH2OH CH2OH
CH 2OH
b-D-glucopiranosa D-glucosa a-D-glucopiranosa
Anillo de 6 miembros Como el del pirano
O
piranosas

41. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CICLOS
HOCH 2 O
HO C CH2OH HOCH2 C OH
C
HO C H O HO C H O
HO C H
H C OH H C OH
H C OH
H C
H C
H C OH CH2OH
CH2OH
CH 2OH
b-D-fructofuranosa D-fructosa a-D-fructofuranosa
Anillo de 5 miembros Como el del furano
O
furanosas

42. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CICLOS
CH2OH
HO C H O
H C OH H H OH
O
HO C H OH H H
HO
H C OH
H C H OH
CH2OH
Estructura en proyección deEstructura en proyección de
Fischer Haworth

43. Monosacáridos Estructura
MONOSACARIDOS: CICLOS
CH2OH
HO C H O
H C OH H H OH
O
HO C H
OH H H
HO
H C OH
HOCH2 C H OH
H
Estructura en proyección deEstructura en proyección de
Fischer Haworth
Una permutación
Inversión en C5