The document discusses the characteristics of central business districts (CBDs) and inner cities. CBDs typically have tall buildings, shops, entertainment venues, public transportation, and historic structures. Inner cities developed in the 19th century to house industrial workers and are characterized by high-density terraced housing, factories, canals, railways, and roads. Problems that arose in inner cities since the 1950s include industrial decline, unemployment, abandoned buildings, crime, poor housing quality, lack of open space and parking.

3. What are the main characteristics of a CBD? How many characteristics of a CBD can you spot in the next four slides?

4. What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here? The Tallest Buildings Why? Public Buildings eg. Corn Exchange / Town Hall Busy – lots of pedestrians Markets

5. Purpose built shopping centres providing undercover shopping experience Big Department Stores and National Chain Stores – why? What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?

6. Public Buildings eg. Corn Exchange / Town Hall Very accessible – public transport & traffic management required due to congestion. Historic/ old street pattern – often some narrow streets Some of the oldest buildings What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?

7. Entertainment – e.g. restaurants Entertainment e.g. cinemas (although increasingly these are moving further out of town) Entertainment e.g. pubs What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?

8. THE INNER CITY (ZONE 2) Also known as the Twilight or Transition Zone

9. Zone 2 of the Urban Land-use Model – THE INNER CITY Typical style of housing in the Inner City Typical aerial view of an Inner City Area

12. What types of land-use are found in Inner City areas? 19 th Century Terraced Housing Industry – large factories built during the industrial revolution (now some knocked down / converted) Canals and Railways Main Roads (often now ring roads taking traffic out of CBDs)

16. RURAL-URBAN FRINGE This has lead to conflict due to different land-uses wanting to locate here (see diagram for examples)

17. APPLYING THE LAND-USE MODEL TO ST IVES

18. CBD Inner City Inner Suburbs Outer Suburbs Industry Tallest Buildings Shops Entertainment High Land Values High Density Terraced Housing Some old factories Semi-detached housing Some greenery Gardens Low density housing Large detached houses Garages Gardens Rural-urban fringe Industry Retail Units Car parking space URBAN LAND-USE TRANSECT IN ST IVES