Developing the AIP Thesaurus: The Platform for an Ontology

Developing the AIP Thesaurus: The Platform for an Ontology Mark Cassar American Institute of Physics Jack Bruce Marjorie (Margie) M.K. Hlava Access Innovations: 505-998-0800

Background• Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS)• Six digit code schema used for indexing scholarly content• 10 digit based – domain headings with subcategories nested under each domain.• Precoordinated system – Combine terms (concepts) at the time of indexing

Why Change?• Improve searchability• Move to Post coordinated system – Combine terms at time of search• Semantic enrichment• Flexible metadata for many applications• Naturalize the vocabulary – Represent concepts succinctly and concisely – Easily add new concepts based on new and emerging technologies and applications – Allow unlimited hierarchy levels and polyhierarchy

Better ROI• Rules-assisted indexing – Provide end users with a swift indexing solution based on the Machine-Aided Indexer (M.A.I.) engine. – Batch index large corpus of scholarly content, as well as future content.• Improve costs – Automate a large portion of electronic indexing – Less overhead for indexing

Roadmap of the AIP Thesaurus• Data Collection – Load PACS codes and terms – Incorporate Search logs; add top searched concepts into the vocabulary• Analysis of Content – Test comparison of indexing to humanly indexed articles• Thesaurus Construction – Separate, disambiguate, and migrate concepts; Break up top domains – Apply thesaurus and taxonomy standardization to each term – Multiple reviews for each top section• Evaluation and Feedback – Send back working draft to AIP for review – Gather feedback from subject matter experts and incorporate the changes into the thesaurus• Finalization and Product Delivery

Source Data• PACS 2009 ed.• 1999 ed. Of AIP Thesaurus (out of date)• Terms added to INSPEC since 2000• Internal and external search logs• Cumulative journal indexes – Digital – (2006 through 2009)• List of AIP divisions and their internal classifications

Analysis of Content• Organizational warrant – PACS 2009 (2010) – www.aip.org – UniPHY• Literary warrant – Where we found the term used• Most frequent search terms loaded into thesaurus

Thesaurus Creation Process• Load data (vocabulary) into Data Harmony MAIstro™• PACS – Restructure top domains – Separate into discrete – Disambiguate terms – Remove parenthetical qualifiers – Create post coordinated terms – Migrate separated terms into new/relevant categories• Sort flat lists (search logs) into main categories determined• Use multiple reviewers for each physics domain• About 8181 preferred terms and 5217 synonyms

PACS TERM:– Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflectionhigh-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) (condensedmatter structure determination)– Becomes– BT Condensed matter structure determination • NT Low energy electron diffraction –Synonym LEED • NT Reflection high energy electron diffraction –Synonym RHEED

Evaluation and Feedback• Weekly scheduled live demos of the thesaurus• Free web-hosted version of the thesaurus and periodic spreadsheet exports• Collect feedback based on SME suggestions and AIP PACS experts – Correspondence via email• Incorporate changes into thesaurus

Available versions• Electronic copy of AIP thesaurus supplied in – XML – Excel – Web-based, read-only versions (Thesviewer) – MARC, SKOS, OWL, CSV etc

Taxonomy view Thesaurus Term Record view

To make an ontology• Define additional Associative relationships• Define additional Hierarchical relationships – IsA, IsPartOf, HasA• Define additional Equivalence relationship • Multilingual options • Weights and measures

Clearer disambiguation? TemperaturePlanets IsA TypeOf IsA BrandOf MercuryRoman god IsA Automobile Metallic element

Knowledge Organization Systems• Uncontrolled list Not complex• Name authority file• Synonym set/ring• Controlled vocabulary• Taxonomy• Thesaurus AIP Thesaurus is here• Ontology• Semantic network Highly complex

Lessons Learned• Learning the style for indexing• Tendency to reversion to PACS style of language and classification• SME feedback turnaround – Sit with them 2 hours – Incorporate suggestions 8 hours – 2117 Terms Added 1354 Terms changed or updated 1333 Terms deleted 11259 Other actions

Where are we now?• Platform is established• OWL and other formats available• One kind of Associative relationship – (Related terms)• One kind of Hierarchical relationship – Broader Narrower / Parent Child – Multiple broader terms for interdisciplinary options• One kind of Equivalence relationship • Synonym non preferred terms• Built using the Z39.19 standard - interoperable

To Review AIP Thes• Use a web browser• http://thesview.accessinn.com/aipThes/• username/password twice - in all cases both are aip.• Begins a java app in your browser that shows the thesaurus starting from the top level of the hierarchy.• Use the collaboration module to comment and discuss

Thank you Marjorie Hlava mhlava@accessin.com 505-998-0800

Developing the AIP Thesaurus: The Platform for an Ontology

by accessinnovations on Feb 14, 2012

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