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1. Biodegradable waste
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biodegradable waste is a type of waste which
can be broken down, in a matter of weeks or
few months, into its base compounds by micro-
organisms ……………..
Made by- Yousuf ansari

2. and other living things,
regardless of what those
compounds may be.
 Biodegradable waste can be
commonly found in municipal
solid waste (sometimes
called biodegradable
municipal waste, or BMW)
as green waste, food
waste, paper waste,
and biodegradable plastics.
Other biodegradable wastes
include human
waste, manure, sewage, sewa
ge sludge and slaughterhouse
waste. In the absence
of oxygen, much of this
waste will decay
to methane by anaerobic
digestion.

4.  The main environmental threat from
biodegradable waste is the production
of methane and other green house gases………

5.  Biodegradable waste can be used for
composting or a resource for heat, electricity
and fuel by means of incineration or anaerobic
digestion. SwissKompog and the
Danish AIKAN process are examples of
anaerobic digestion of biodegradable
waste. While incineration can recover the most
energy, anaerobic digestion plants retain the
nutrients and compost for the soil and still
recover some of the contained energy in the
form of biogas. Kompogas produced 27
million Kwh of electricity and biogas in 2009.
The oldest of the company's own lorries has

6.  Featured in an edition of The Economist that
predicted events in 2014, it was revealed
that Massachusetts creates roughly 1.4 million tons of
organic waste every year. Massachusetts, along
with Connecticut and Vermont, are also going to enact
laws to divert food waste from landfills.
 In small and densely populated states, landfill capacity
is limited so disposal costs are higher ($60–90 per ton
in MA compared to national average of $45).
Decomposing food waste generates methane, a
notorious greenhouse gas. However, this biogas can be
captured and turned into energy through anaerobic
digestion, and then sold into the electricity grid.
 Anaerobic digestion grew in Europe, but is starting to
develop in America. Massachusetts is increasing its
production of anaerobic digesters.

7.  Biodegradability prediction
 Biodegradable bags
 Biodegradation
 Biodrying
 Brown waste
 Green waste
 Landfill diversion
 List of waste types
 Miniwaste
 Sewage treatment

8. ….What are
categories?....
Categories are groups of articles on
related topics. At the bottom of an
article, you will see a box containing the
categories to which that article has been
assigned. Simply click any of these
categories to go to the corresponding
category page. From there you can
browse other articles on the same topic,
or navigate through the category tree to

9.  Most categories have a number of
other categories listed
as subcategories. These are listed
in a special section of the
category page, which appears
above the list of articles
belonging to the category. Click
on these subcategories to navigate
through the category tree to find
How are categories
organized?...

10.  Articles are not usually placed in every category to
which they logically belong. In many cases they will
not be placed directly into a category if they
belong to one of its subcategories. This is because
otherwise categories would become too large, and
the list of categories on articles too long. To find
the articles you are looking for, it may be
necessary to dig down. For example, you won't
find Oslo listed at the category called Cities, but
if you start from there and click "Cities by
country", and then "Cities and towns in Norway",
you'll arrive at the right place. Conversely, if you
are at the Oslo article and you want to find the
category of all cities, start by clicking Cities and
towns in Norway and navigate up the tree to its

11.  A pollutant that is not broken down by natural
processes. Some nondegradable pollutants, like
the heavy metals, create problems because they
are toxic and persistent in the environment.
Others, like synthetic plastics, are a problem
because of their sheer volume. One way of dealing
with nondegradable pollutants is to reduce the
quantity released into the environment either
by recycling them for reuse before they are
disposed of, or by curtailing their production. A
second method is to find ways of making them
degradable. Scientists have been able to develop
new types of bacteria, for example, that do not
exist in nature, but that will degrade plastics…

12.  ……..Scottish-American naturalist and Sierra Club
founder, John Muir (1838–1914), wrote, "When we try to
pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything
else in the Universe.“
…… Our rapidly growing, ever more industrialized human
population exists within a carefully balanced global system of
physical processes that circulates chemical elementsthrough
the solid earth, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosp
 …. From agricultural land and water management, to
extraction and combustion of fossil fuels, to industrial and
municipal disposal of waste products, modern human activity
has overprinted natural Earth cycles with synthetic ones.
……. In many cases, these man-made alterations to the
natural environment negatively impact the very Earth systems
that sustain human life.
….Contamination of the hydrosphere and atmosphere,
depletion of radiation-shielding stratospheric ozone, and
anthropogenic globalclimate change are examples of changes

13.  Contamination is the unwanted presence of a
microorganism in a particular environment. That
environment can be in the laboratory setting, for
example, in a medium being used for the growth of a
species of bacteria during an experiment. Another
environment can be the human body, where
contamination of various niches can produce an
infection. Still another environment can be the solid and
liquid nutrients that sustain life. A final example, which
is becoming more relevant since the burgeoning use
of biotechnology, is the natural environment. The
consequences of the release of
bioengineered microorganisms into the natural
environment to the natural micro flora and to other
species that depend on the environment for their
welfare, are often unclear.
 The recognition of the adverse effects of contamination
have been recognized for a long time, and steps that
are now a vital part of microbiological practice were

14. ….Consumer pollution refers, in part, to traces of
numerous consumer products, including pain
relievers, prescription drugs, antibiotics, insect
repellent, sunscreens, and fragrances—collectively
called pharmaceuticals and personal care products
(PPCPs)—discovered in inland and ocean waters.
Between 1999 and 2000 the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) established the
widespread occurrence in the environment of minute
but measurable quantities of PPCPs, along with
other organic wastewater contaminants, such as
detergent metabolites, plasticizers, and fire
retardants. These contaminants were discovered in
80 percent of 139 waterways downstream from
sewage treatment plants and livestock operations.
Before 1999 most research into PPCPs took place in
Europe, and pharmaceuticals were detected there
in sewage treatment effluent, surface water,

15.  A pollution prevention (P2) technology is one that creates
less pollution in its life cycle than the one it replaces. P2
can be achieved in many ways, from better housekeeping
and maintenance to redesign of products and processes. The
range of P2 technologies is therefore very broad. It
includes relatively cleaner technologies, technologies that
help other technologies to be cleaner, and certain mass-
market technologies. All of them reduce environmental
impacts compared to their alternatives. It is important to
understand that P2 technology does not include pollution-
control or -treatment technologies that do not make the
technology producing the pollution any cleaner itself. They
just manage the resulting waste.

Relatively Cleaner Technologies
 Technology is always advancing and improving. Many new
technologies are naturally more energy efficient and less
polluting than the ones they replace. Sometimes, this is
because they were designed with environmental improvement
in mind.

16.  One key to achieving a sustainable society and tackling the
complex environmental challenges of the twenty-first century
is pollution prevention (P2), reducing or eliminating pollution
before it is created. The idea has been discussed since
1976, but has only lately gained widespread support from
both the private and public sectors. It is an environmentally
sound and cost-effective practice.
 In 1990 Congress passed a federal statute, the Pollution
Prevention Act of 1990. The act defined pollution prevention
as a practice that are following >>>>
 Reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant,
or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise
released into the environment.
 Reduces the hazards to public health and the environment
associated with the release of such substances, pollutants
or contaminants. The term includes equipment or technology
modifications, process or procedure modifications,
reformulation or redesign of products.