1. China leverages computer network attack and exploitation techniques, harvesting information critical to building a modern nation-state and "informationalized", technical military forces. 2. China adapted ancient stratagems for CNA & CNE operations. 3. China can claim plausible denial for nation-sponsored hacking activities, hiding within the sea of everyday hackers. 4. On the other hand, north Korea must take CNA & CNE operations outside its country's boundaries.

1. Computer Network Attack / Exploitation: Regional Threats China & North Korea Karl Wolfgang, CISSP

4. NETOPS vs. The Science of Campaigns cognitive errors Multi-dimentional Threat Phased Operations

10. Thirty-Six Stratagems: The Secret Art of War http://www.chinastrategies.com/List.htm http://leav-www.army.mil/fmso/documents/china_electric/china_electric.htm

14. Harvest then Exploit http://www.indiana.edu/~phishing/social-network-experiment/phishing-preprint.pdf

25. Unpatched IE Malicious page exploits browser vulnerability, Downloads code without user approval Installs back door beacon User clicks on HTML link in Email, User expects & receives download of article on tax benefits for Americans living overseas…

26. Legitimate Sites Can Point to “Drive-by Download” Source: Korea Information Security Agency

31. Plato’s Cave: NK IW / CNA Constraints

35. CNA / CNE within nK Government Kim Jong-il National Defense Commission MPAF General Staff Department Reconnissance Bureau Unit 121 Chairman of the National Defence Commission Korean Workers Party General Secretary ? GlobalSecurity.org + Federation of American Scientists 39 38 Office 35