2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Hanna Alfasih This research is about the misuse of analgesics and how they have contributed to the opioid epidemic.

1. By: Hanna Alfasih

2. OUTLINE
Research
question/synthesis map:
Showcase my revised
research question and
the significance of my
synthesis map
Sources:
Show an overview of
the 6 sources I used
to aid my question
Addressing the
question:
How the sources
help my
question/take away
from the question.
Any gaps and
limitations
Conclusion:
Rhetorical
analysis
deploying to
literary review

3. RESEARCH QUESTION
Initial question
•What are the affects of
anesthesia?
Broad
topics
•Cognitive abilities , opioid
addiction, physical affects
and mental affects .
Revised
research
question
• How has anesthesia
caused defects on the
brain?
The significance of this question is to identify problems
occurring in the anesthesiology community and how to
address them

4. Use the anesthesiology
research guide from
wayne state university
library
01
Insert key words in data
base to research what
best fits my question
Key words (opioid
addiction, affects,
cognitive)
02
Use these key words and
find research to take
notes on. Use this
research in Cornell
formatting to help
synthesize my research.
03

5. SYNTHESIS
MAP

6. Sources Effects on body and brain Cognitive defects connections with type of
anesthetics with relation to the
affects on the brain such as
opioids
Effects of anesthesia on Brain & Body - made
for This moment. Made For This Moment |
Anesthesia, Pain Management & Surgery.
Retrieved February 13, 2022, from
https://www.asahq.org/madeforthismoment/anes
thesia-101/effects-of-anesthesia/
Can cause affects such as hyperthermia, this when the
body drops below average temperature.
Hematoma
Pneumothorax
Regional anesthesia is pain management that numbs
large regions of the body such as epidurals, etc..
Can cause some minor complications such as headache,
nausea, and minor pain
Local anesthesia is anesthetic that numbs only small
regions of the body and is used for small procedures such
as biopsy’s
This may cause feeling disoriented and have
problems with focusing and remembering
This causes confusion when regaining
consciousness, some may stay confused for
weeks
Postoperative delirium
Causes you to lose consciousness
This can affect cognitive ability and function
nothing mentioned.
Malcom, K. (2021, May 26). Escape from
oblivion: How the brain reboots after Deep
Anesthesia. University of Michigan. Retrieved
February 13, 2022, from
https://labblog.uofmhealth.org/lab-
report/escape-from-oblivion-how-brain-reboots-
after-deep-anesthesia
Nothing mentioned General anesthesia turns off the brain and its
consciousness
Found that the brain needs a long time to recover
after undergoing anesthesia and that cognitive
ability starts to gain slowly over recovery time.
Anesthetic and drugs can affect the brain in ways of
consciousness and cognitively
drugs can affect the brain in ways of consciousness and
cognitively
Bala, N., Kaur, G., Attri, J. P., Singh, M.,
Thakur, M., & Jain, P. (2015). Psychiatric and
anesthetic implications of substance abuse:
Present scenario. Anesthesia, essays and
researches. Retrieved February 13, 2022, from
None None Anesthetics have a high impact on drug abuse.
Pain management pills after surgery are very addictive
and are easily prescribed to patients who undergo
surgical procedures

7. SOURCES EFFECTS ON BODY AND THE BRAIN COGNITIV E ABILIT Y CONNECTION S WITH TYPE OF
ANESTH ET I C S WITH RELATION TO THE
AFFECTS ON THE BRAIN
Ferry, N. (2021, October 14). Opioid
anesthesia. StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved
February 20, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532
956/
The primary mechanism of opioid fatality involves opioid-
induced respiratory depression and subsequent hypoxia,
hypercapnia, and cardiorespiratory arrest
Nerve blockade of peripheral nerves (regional anesthesia) or
the central nervous system (neuraxial anesthesia) has been
proposed as a possible way of reducing the risk of persistent
opioid use following surgery
none Concerns regarding persistent opioid use after surgery
include misuse, abuse, addiction and diversion. Of patients
surveyed in outpatient neurosurgery or orthopedic clinics of
a tertiary academic medical center, 14.7% reported using
opioids without a prescription, in greater amounts, or longer
than prescribed, far
The effect of intravenous local anesthetics on opioid
consumption is thought to occur via the blockade of pro-
inflammatory responses to surgery
Wu, L., Zhao, H., Weng, H., & Ma, D. (2019,
April). Lasting effects of general anesthetics
on the brain in the young and elderly: "mixed
picture" of neurotoxicity, neuroprotection and
cognitive impairment. Journal of anesthesia.
Retrieved February 20, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC6443620/
none Indeed, anesthetics received during surgery were shown to
be associated with brain dysfunction in young and elderly
it was believed that general anesthetics (GAs) exert
reversible, temporary effect on the central nervous system,
which would return to its pristine state once the anesthetic
exposure is ceased. The long-lasting effects including
cellular signaling changes and their impact after anesthetic
exposure are enormous [1]. These effects can be desirable or
undesirable.
Concerns regarding persistent opioid use after surgery
include misuse, abuse, addiction and diversion. Of patients
surveyed in outpatient neurosurgery or orthopedic clinics of
a tertiary academic medical center, 14.7% reported using
opioids without a prescription, in greater amounts, or longer
than prescribed, far exceeding the national prevalence of
opioid misuse of 1.9% amongst US adults
Ferry, N. (2021, October 14). Opioid
anesthesia. StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved
February 20, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532
956/
The most frequently experienced adverse effects of
intravenous opioid anesthetic include hypotension
exacerbation, respiratory depression/apnea, bradycardia,
somnolence, urinary retention, and constipation. Other
potential adverse effects include increased intracranial
pressure secondary to hypercapnia, rigidity, delayed
emergence, delirium, postoperative nausea and vomiting,
pruritis, ileus, and the potential for the development of
opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
None Common anesthetic specific uses for opioids that have been
FDA approved include use during almost every phase of
surgery, including use during pre-induction for chronic pain
conditions, induction of anesthesia, maintenance, as well as
to reduce

8. Malcom K,
- Conducted a study of 30 middle-aged adults for 30
mins of anesthesia, they found that Found that the
brain needs a long time to recover after undergoing
anesthesia and that cognitive ability starts to gain
slowly over recovery time.
- Needs more research on larger groups of people for
further research
Limited amount of duration during anesthesia
American society of Anesthesiologist
- This article contributes to the affects of anesthesia
by talking about physical and mental affects that
happens during different types of anesthesia that
have been noted in trends over the course of years.
- This is useful to my question because it has facts on
the different types of affects
Bala, N.,
- Opioids Are a very strong pain management drug
that can cause substance abuse
- Tells us about different types of drugs in relations to
anesthesia Commonly addictive drugs such as
fentanyl etc.
This can help my question in relation of what type of
anesthetics affect the brain.
-Has limited information on how it affects the brain
and no studies shown

9. Ferry, N
-types of anesthetic's related to opioids and
how it can cause delirium and other affects
such as hallucinating
- This shows limitations on how it affects
the brain directly but adds how anesthetics
can cause addictions which ties into the
brain
Wu L
anesthetic include hypotension
exacerbation, respiratory
depression/apnea, , Other potential
adverse effects include increased
intracranial pressure, delirium, and
the potential for the development of
opioid-induced hyperalgesia or
development of abuse/misuse
habits—the risk of adverse effects
increases as
- Helps my research question
because it includes how anesthetics
affect the human body and affects on
the brain
Zhao
- article shares a large body of pre-clinical
studies, and accumulating clinical
evidences has steadily strengthened the
belief that anesthetics may produce
morphological changes and long-term
functional impairment in brains
also found that nonhuman primates
showed a decline in cognitive ability under
anesthesia
- This helps my question by showing how
anesthesia can affect cognitive impairment
in humans and non humans

10. QUESTIONS
 How has analgesics contributed to the
opioid outbreak?
 Where does consciousness go while under
anesthesia?

11. CONCLU
SION
 Research proposal
- Limited information on this topic specifically, a
research study may be able to be conducted by
professionals in this community
 I would like to propose this to the American society
of Anesthesiologist (ASA) to help further research
in this area.

12. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING