1. There is
-For the countable noun unit.
-For the uncountable noun.
There are
-For the plural form of countable nouns (Regular and irregular)
Examples:
There is
a
car
There + Be
Quantifier
Countable noun unit
There is
some
fruit
There + Be
Quantifier
Uncountable noun unit
There are
several
students
There + Be
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
in the street.
Complement
in the bowl.
Complement
in the classroom.
Complement
Negative form:
There isn’t a /any…
There aren’t any…
Examples:
There isn’t
a
car
Quantifier
Countable noun unit
any
fruit
There + Be + not
Quantifier
Uncountable noun unit
There aren’t
any
students
There + Be + not
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
There + Be + not
There isn’t
in the street.
Complement
in the bowl.
Complement
in the classroom.
Complement
There is no …
There are no …
Examples:
There is
no
car
There + Be
Quantifier
Countable noun unit
There is
no
fruit
There + Be
Quantifier
Uncountable noun unit
no
students
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
There are
There + Be
Possible in spoken English:
Affirmative form
There’s
many
There + Be
students
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
no
students
in the street.
Complement
in the bowl.
Complement
in the classroom.
Complement
in the classroom.
Complement
Negative form
There’s
in the classroom.
There + Be
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
Complement
The contracted form of [There is]: “There’s …” allows the usage of plural countable nouns but it’s informal.

2. Yes/No Questions
Is there
a
pen
Be + there
Quantifier
Countable noun unit
on the desk?
Complement
Yes, there is.
No, there isn’t.
Is there
any
soda
Be + there
Quantifier
Uncountable noun
in your glass?
Complement
Yes, there is.
No, there isn’t.
Are there
any
pens
Be + there
Quantifier
Plural countable noun
on the desk?
Complement
Yes, there are.
No, there aren’t.
How many…
How many
There are
There is
There isn’t
There is
pens
are there
on the desk?
Plural countable noun
Be + there
Complement
several
[just/only] one
a
no
pens
pen
pen
pen
on the desk.
on the desk.
on the desk.
on the desk.
How much…
How much
There is
There isn’t
There is
soda
is there
in your glass?
Uncountable noun
Be + there
Complement
plenty of
any
no
soda
soda
soda
in my glass.
in my glass.
in my glass.