1. Covalent Bonding
• Bonding between elements that are ____-_________
• Atoms get full ______ shells by ________ electrons
• Outer shells “____________” [anagram: polevra]
This is a covalent bond between two
hydrogen atoms, H2
Try to draw the bond between
two fluorine atoms

2. Covalent Bonding
• Bonding between elements that are non-metals
• Atoms get full outer shells by sharing electrons
• Outer shells “overlap” [anagram: polevra]
This is a covalent bond between two
hydrogen atoms, H2
Try to draw the bond between
two fluorine atoms

3. A covalent bond is a pair of shared electrons
• If 1 pairs of electrons is shared we call this a single bond
• If 2 pairs of electrons are shared we call this a double bond

4. Draw a dot-cross diagram to show the
covalent bonding in . . .
Hint: just show the outer shell of electrons in each atom
• Bromine, Br2 • Oxygen, O2

5. Properties of covalent molecules
Unlike in ionic bonding, there is very
little attraction between one covalent
molecule and the next.
We call them SIMPLE molecules
They have low melting points, and are
usually gases or liquids.
There are no charges that can
move, so they do not conduct
electricity