Techncal writing

1. TECHNICAL WRITING

2.  Technical writing is a written communication
which by nature has the characteristics of business,
science and technology. It focuses on audience
selection, makes use of precise, economical and
unemotional language and employs technical jargon.
Likewise, it uses certain conventional and
organizational format

3. Technical writing is any written form of writing or
drafting technical communication used in a variety
of technical and occupational fields, such as
computer hardware and software, engineering,
chemistry, aeronautics, robotics, finance, consumer
electronics, and biotechnology.

4. Point of Contrast Technical Writing Literary/ Creative
Writing
subject Scientific/ technical Generally about life
readership specific general
format formal informal
language Literal/direct/denotative Figurative/ indirect/connotative
style Impersonal/simple Personal/elaborated
tone Serious/unemotional Light/ conversational
content Objective/neutral Subjective/opinionated
purpose Informative/instructional Informative/entertaining

5. Two Basic Aspects of Technical
Writing
- end products
- skills used to make the end
products

6. END PRODUCTS OF TECHNICAL
WRITING
Business letter abstract
Technical report graphic aids
Feasibility report handbook
Brochure
Contract
Instructional manual
Proposal
Memorandum
Specification

9. A memorandum is an important form
of written communication circulated
within the company and its branches
which is used to disseminates a message or
information. ( Manalo & Fermin)

10. A memorandum (abbrev.: memo) was from the
Latin verbal phrase memorandum est, the gerundive
form of the verb memoro, "to mention, call to mind,
recount, relate",[1]
which means "It must be
remembered (that)...". It is therefore a note,
document or other communication that helps the
memory by recording events or observations on a
topic, such as may be used in a business office.

13. Instructional Manual describes
the procedures on how to install,
operate and maintain a gadget or
equipment

14. An abstract is a brief summary of a research
article, thesis review, conference proceeding or
any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or
discipline, and is often used to help the reader
quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When
used, an abstract always appears at the
beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting
as the point-of-entry for any given academic
paper or patent application.

15. The hydrodynamics of dolphin drafting
by Daniel Weihs, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion,
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
Abstract:
Background Drafting in cetaceans is defined as the transfer of
forces between individuals without actual physical contact
between them. This behavior has long been surmised to explain
how young dolphin calves keep up with their rapidly moving
mothers. It has recently been observed that a significant number
of calves become permanently separated from their mothers
during chases by tuna vessels. A study of the hydrodynamics of
drafting, initiated in mechanisms causing the separation of
mothers and calves during fishing-related activities, is reported
here.


16. Results Quantitative results are shown for the forces
and moments around a pair of unequally sized dolphin-like
slender bodies. These include two major effects. First, the so-
called Bernoulli suction, which stems from the fact that the local
pressure drops in areas of high speed, results in an attractive
force between mother and calf. Second is the displacement
effect, in which the motion of the mother causes the water in
front to move forwards and radially outwards, and water behind
the body to move forwards to replace the animal's mass. Thus,
the calf can gain a 'free ride' in the forward-moving areas.
Utilizing these effects, the neonate can gain up to 90% of the
thrust needed to move alongside the mother at speeds of up to
2.4 m/s. A comparison with observations of eastern spinner
dolphins (Stenella longirostris) is presented, showing savings of
up to 60% in the thrust that calves require if they are to keep up
with their mothers.


17. Conclusions A theoretical analysis,
backed by observations of free-
swimming dolphin schools, indicates
that hydrodynamic interactions with
mothers play an important role in
enabling dolphin calves to keep up
with rapidly moving adult school
members

21. A specification (often abbreviated as spec) is an explicit
set of requirements to be satisfied by a material,
product, or service.
Exact statement of the particular needs to be
satisfied, or essential characteristics that a customer
requires (in a good, material, method, process
, service, system, or work) and which a vendor must
deliver. Specifications are written usually in a
manner that enables both parties (and/or
an independent certifier) to
measure the degree of conformance.

25. A brochure (also referred to as a pamphlet) is a
type of leaflet. Brochures are advertising pieces
mainly used to introduce a company or organization,
and inform about products and/or services to a target
audience. Brochures are distributed by mail, handed
personally or placed in brochure racks.


26. Proposal is a written offer
to solve a particular problem
or need.

27. Business letter is a form of
written communication used
to transact business which
cannot be conveniently
conducted orally.

28. A graphic aid a text feature that helps the reader
better understand the text visually. Such as tables,
charts, timelines, captions, etc.

29. Wholistic Guide to TechnicalWriting
( Zall, 1980)
Accuracy
Brevity
Confidence
Dignity
Emphasis
Facility
Grammatical Correctness
Honesty
Illustration

30. Judgment
Knowledge
Logic
Mechanical Neatness
Normal Procedure
Objectivity
Planning
Qualification
Revision

31. Straight Sentences
Thoroughness
Unity
Viewpoint
Word Choice
Zest

32. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TECHNICAL WRITING
( MILLS AND WALTER)
1. Technical Writing is written for specific person or
group of people, real or imaginary, and they
assumed to be intelligent but uninformed.
2. Technical Writing is written for a purpose. All
words
should contribute to the intended purpose.
3. Technical writing uses simple, concrete and familiar
language
4. Technical writing follows the “principle of first’.
5. Technical Writing must be presentable and
attractive.

33. Use of Language in Technical Writing
Friendly Words: Goodwill over Indifference
Indifference: In reference to your request for our
electrical bid on Project A…
Goodwill: Thank you for asking Roberts Electric
to submit a bid for the electrical work for Project A.
we will be happy to…


34. Indifference: As a dental care provider, it is
important that your team keeps on schedule.
Goodwill: As a provider of quality dental care, I
know that it is important to you that your team
keeps on schedule.

35. Indifference: Attach your comments soon as you can,
so we can get started.
Goodwill: I look forward to receiving your comment,
so we can get started

36. Precision in the use of Words
ability/ capacity filtrate/ filter
adjacent/ contiguous indicated/
required
advise/ tell/ inform infer/ imply
affect/ effect liable/ likely
alternative/ choice maximum/optimum
among/ between oral/ verbal
percent/
percentage
apparent/ obvious/ evident perfect/ unique
appreciate/understand practical/ practicable
assume/ presume

37. assure/ insure principle/ principal
balance/ remainder proportion/ part
bimonthly/ semimonthly reaction/ opinion
conclude/ decide replace/ reinstall
deteriorate/ degenerate target/ objective
theory/ idea/ view/ opinion encounter/
experience essentially/ basically
universally/ generally few/less

38. A large number/part Many/most
A number of Some
A variety of Many, Different
Absolutely essential Essential
Accede to Agree to, Allow
Accentuate Stress
Accorded Given
Acquiesce Agree
Additional Added, More, Other

39. Address Discuss
Adequate enough Enough
Adjacent to Next to
Advantageous Helpful, Useful
Adversely impact on Hurt, Set back
Afford an opportunity Allow, Let
Aggregate Total, Sum
Alleviate Ease, Reduce
Appraise Tell, Inform
As a consequence of Because
As a means of To

40. Ascertain Find out, Learn
At present Now
At the present time Now
At this point in time Now

41. Special Techniques of Technical Writing
Definition
Description of Mechanism
Description of a Process
Classification and Partition
Interpretation

42. DEFINITION
It is giving meaning or explanation to
a word or thing.
Words or “terms” are just symbols for
real things. The thing which the word
or terms refer to is call “referent”.

43. Categories of Words
(Mills and Walter)
1.Familiar words for familiar things
2.Familiar words for unfamiliar things
3.Unfamiliar words for familiar things
4.Unfamiliar words for unfamiliar things

44. Familiar words for familiar things
These are words both known by the reader and
the writer.
Example:
chalk shirt shoes noodles

45. Familiar words for unfamiliar things
Words that seem to be familiar but
when technical people use , they may have
different meaning.
Mouse cheater
Dirty Christmas tree
Apron lake
balloon

46. Unfamiliar words for familiar things
Monosodium glutamate Offy (off-license)
Analgesic Mackintosh
Sodium Chloride Aubergine
dimethyl ketone; 2-propanone carbon crystal
Braces
aluminum potassium sulfate torch

47. Unfamiliar words for unfamiliar things
Encephalopathy
Recrudescence
postpartum
aneurysm
Varicella
A la Carte
Ad hoc
Blatherskite

48. Callipygian - Having well-shaped beautiful
buttocks. This fascinating obscure term. The word
came into English in the late 1700s from Greek,
kallipugos, which was used to describe a statue of
Venus , from kallos meaning beauty, and puge,
meaning buttocks. Kallos is also a root of the word
calligraphy (decorative handwriting/lettering), and
callisthenics (graceful gymnastics).

49. Methods of Definition
Informal
Formal Sentence Definition
Amplified Definition
a. further definition
b. concrete examples and instances
c. comparison and contrast
d. word derivation

50. e. negative statement
f. physical description
g. analysis
h. basic principle
I. cause and effect
j. location

51. Description of Mechanism
- introduction
- part- by- part description
- conclusion

52. Description of Mechanism
I. Introduction
A. What the mechanisms
B. Purpose
C. General Appearance
D. Division into principal parts
II. Part-by-part Description
A. part number one
1. what the part is
2. purpose
3. appearance ( including comparison)
4. division into subparts

53. a. subpart number one
(1) what the subpart is
(2) purpose
(3) appearance including comparison
(4) detailed description
(a) shape
(b) size
(c) relationship to other parts
(d) methods of attachment
(e) material
b, c …
III. Brief description of mechanism in operation

54. Description of a Process
I. Introduction
II. Equipment and Materials
III.Step-by-step Description of the Action
IV.Conclusion

55. Classification and Partition
Classification - act of locating a specimen of all
of the different kinds of objects which possess a
given characteristic/s.
Partition - division of unit into its components
Interpretation
This is the art of establishing meaningful
pattern of relationship among group of facts.