The document provides a summary of the results of a drive test audit of cellular networks in Karachi, Pakistan. The summary includes:
1) Analysis of voice and data network performance metrics like coverage, call quality, throughput etc. for four operators - Mobilink, Telenor, Warid and Zong across various areas of Karachi.
2) Mobilink and Telenor generally had better performance than Warid and Zong according to metrics like coverage, call quality and throughput. However, some specific issues were identified for each operator.
3) The document identifies key issues found for each operator through detailed analysis of metrics and makes recommendations for improvement based on the findings.
2. SCOPE
Drive testing has regained importance
Competitive Benchmarking
Location based analysis
Closest to customer experience
Method of analysis
Sample to show Potential, Possibilities
Comprehensive, Customer-Centric, Focused
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3. SCENARIO
Call
Area & Operators
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Voice: Long Call
Data: Downloading, uploading using ftp
Timing: Daytime
Speed: Moderate < 40Km/h
City: Karachi
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Sharahe Faisal from Airport to Metropole and back
DHA Phase 5 and 6
Voice: Mobilink, Telenor, Warid, Zong
Data: Mobilink, Telenor
Analysis
Drive Testing: TEMS Investigation
Analysis: Fast Drive Investigation
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4. Criteria
GSM Voice
GSM Data (GPRS-Edge)
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Availability: Received Level > -85 dBm
Integrity: Receive Quality < 4
Confinement: Timing Advance < 3
Dominance: Server-6th neighbor <8 dBm
Speech Protection: AMR FR
Power Efficiency (UL): MS Tx Power < 19 dBm
Mobility: Handover Failures
Retainability: Dropped Calls
Accessibility: Data Mode is EDGE
Integrity: BLER < 10%
Throughput RLC: More than 50 Kbps
Resource Efficiency: Control %age < 20%
Data Efficiency: MCS 6 – MCS9
Capacity: > 2 TS
Instability: Idle events vs Reselections
Experience: Throughput average
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11. Availability
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Illustrates Receive Level
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Values better than -85 dBm are good coverage, this eliminates power control affect
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Poor coverage points will have call quality issues especially in-building
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink best; Warid worst
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Zong has poor coverage in DHA Phase 6 near Misri Shah due absence of sites
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Warid has poor coverage near Khadda Market due absence of sites
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Mobilink and Telenor don’t have any major coverage issue
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12. Integrity
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Illustrates Downlink Received Quality (BER)
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Low values are better, 0 to 4 is the best range
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Values more than 4 are call affecting
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Zong and Mobilink best; Telenor worst
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Telenor has one poor quality spot due to poor optimization, although a site nearby
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13. Speech Protection
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Illustrates speech codecs used
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AMR Full Rate is the best
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AMR FR provides the best protection against interference and poor quality
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Warid best, Zong second best; Mobilink worst
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Mobilink worst probably due to high traffic utilization forcing calls to go on AMR HR
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Mobilink dimensioning needs to be revisited
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All operators using AMR throughout which is great
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14. Uplink Power Efficiency
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Illustrates Uplink power level
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Lower values are good, better PC optimization
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A way to measure UL performance with drive
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink best; Telenor close second; Zong and Warid worst
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The main reason for Zong and Warid poor performance is lack of sites
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Zong uplink power control needs optimization
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15. Confinement
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Illustrates the proximity of serving sites with drive samples
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Low values are good, 0 to indicates the serving cell is within 1 Km
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High values can indicate lack of sites or poorly optimized areas
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink is the best , Warid is the worst along with Zong.
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Most issues due to poor penetration of sites in Warid and Zong
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Some issues where nearby sites are not serving due to poor optimization
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16. Dominance
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Illustrates lack of dominant cells, 6th neighbour within 8 dB
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Map thematic shows Rx Level of servers where there was no dominant server
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Low dominant areas encourage interference, and is a result of poor optimization
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Warid and Zong the best; Mobilink the worst.
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Mobilink has not optimized its coverage and too may cells overshooting
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Warid and Zong are helped by the lack of sites
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18. Availability
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Illustrates Receive Level
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Values better than -85 dBm are good coverage, this eliminates power control affect
•
Poor coverage points will have call quality issues especially in-building
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink the best; Warid the worst
Warid has most issues around Base Faisal area, even though there is a site nearby
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19. Integrity
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Illustrates Downlink Received Quality (BER)
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Low values are better, 0 to 4 is the best range
Values more than 4 are call affecting
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
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Mobilink , Zong and Warid best; Telenor the worst.
Frequency plan needs optimization
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20. Speech Protection
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Illustrates speech codecs used
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AMR Full Rate is the best
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AMR FR provides the best protection against interference and poor quality
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Warid the best; Mobilink the worst.
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In case of poor Link Quality Mobilink customers will feel it the most
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21. Uplink Power Efficiency
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Illustrates Uplink power level
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Lower values are good, better PC optimization
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A way to measure UL performance with drive
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink, Telenor the best; Zong the worst
UL window needs optimization and Zong requires a new site in Base Faisal area
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22. Confinement
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Illustrates the proximity of serving sites with drive samples
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Low values are good, 0 to indicates the serving cell is within 1 Km
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High values can indicate lack of sites or poorly optimized areas
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink and Telenor best; Zong worst
Zong has no sites near Base Faisal, which causes far sites to serve
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23. Dominance
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Illustrates lack of dominant cells, 6th neighbour within 8 dB
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Map thematic shows Rx Level of servers where there was no dominant server
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Low dominant areas encourage interference, and is a result of poor optimization
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
All similar
All networks have significant number of low dominance points due to high number of sites and poor
optimization
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25. Accessibility
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Illustrates Edge usage
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Lack of Edge usage can indicate fault with parameters settings or lack of resources
Mobilink DL
Mobilink UL
Telenor DL
Telenor UL
Telenor best; Mobilink worst
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Both networks have GPRS points, which is a concern, it should all be Edge
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26. Throughput (RLC)
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Illustrates Radio Layer Control Throughput
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Average of than 50 Kbps is deemed good for Edge-GPRS
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There are various factors that adversely affect RLC Throughput
Mobilink DL
Mobilink UL
Telenor DL
Telenor UL
Telenor best; Mobilink worst
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This is the most important factor in Customer experience and Mobilink fails miserably
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27. Data Efficiency
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Illustrates the usage of Coding schemes
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Average of than 50 Kbps is deemed good for Edge-GPRS
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There are various factors that adversely affect RLC Throughput
Mobilink DL
Mobilink UL
Telenor DL
Telenor UL
Telenor best; Mobilink worst
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Telenor has MCS9 for majority of points which is good, Mobilink has a mixed distribution
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28. Resource Efficiency
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Illustrates Control data percentage, with respect to own data and other data
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High values indicate an impediment to high throughput
Mobilink DL
Mobilink DL
Telenor DL
Control Data %age
0 – 20
20-50
50-80
80-100
Telenor best; Mobilink worst
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Control data utilization is unusually high in Mobilink, which is a major concern
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Parameters and statistics need to be checked for further investigation
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29. Integrity
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Illustrates DL Block Error Rate
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High values indicate poorly optimized network
Mobilink DL
Mobilink UL
Telenor DL
Telenor UL
Mobilink best; Telenor worst
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Its misleading for Mobilink since most of the time BLER samples were missing due to high idle
mode
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30. Capacity
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Illustrates number of Timeslots used for data
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High values are preferred and result in higher throughput
Mobilink DL
Mobilink UL
Telenor DL
Telenor UL
Mobilink best; Telenor worst
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If Mobilink can improve other issues it will have better throughput than Telenor
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32. Throughput Analysis
Mobilink
0
Telenor
800
50
600
100
0
800
50
600
100
400
150
400
150
200
200
250
0
RLC Thr DL (kbit/s)
250
% own Data
0
200
200
0
% Own Data
0
RLC Thr DL (kbit/s)
1
0
0.1
50
0.2
50
0.3
100
0.4
100
0.5
150
0.6
150
0.7
200
0.8
200
0.9
250
1
Idle mode
RLC Thr DL (kbit/s)
0
250
Idle Mode
RLC Thr DL (kbit/s)
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Mobilink DL Throughput (15 Kbps) is extremely poor relative to Telenor (74 Kbps)
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Two reasons: numerous idle mode (225/39, 94/54) & high %age of control data (13, 49)
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Statistics analysis and parameter audit required to investigate and solve the problem
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33. Overshoot Warid
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High overshooting cells identified with a button click
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Footprints of two overshooting cells unusually large
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Redesign required to contain these cells and prevent possible interference
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34. Dropped Call Telenor
Servers
Neighbour & RxQual
Missing
Neighbor
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Footprints of two overshooting cells unusually large
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Missing
Neighbor
High overshooting cells identified with a button click
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Neighbours & Events
Redesign required to contain these cells and prevent possible interference
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35. Radio Link Timeout
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Illustrates the time before a poor quality call drops
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Values are per half second, i.e. 24 indicates 12 seconds
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High values indicate poor customer experience
Mobilink
Telenor
Warid
Zong
Mobilink best; Zong worst
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Zong has an unusually high value in almost all the points
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36. GPRS on Edge Cells Mobilink
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Some samples on GPRS instead of Edge
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The same cell has Edge samples so its not a case of Edge disabled
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Statistics and Parameters investigation required; Congestion on another interface can be a
possible reason
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37. High Uplink Power Zong
Overview
Detailed
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Most of samples have high UL power
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Close analysis shows some samples have lower power
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It takes a long time to reach low power; PC window requires optimization and standardization
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38. Low Coverage Zong
Overview
Detailed
500m
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Sites not present in a populated area in DHA
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Sites serve from more than 3 Km away, cause low coverage
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500m
Site density needs improvement, no logistic issues since commercial area
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39. Zong Timing Advance
Zong
Zong
Mobilink
High TA for
Zong
• Comparison of TA between Zong and Mobilink is depicted.
• KRZ1 (BCCH 996 , BSIC 5, LAC 208) is serving strongly resulting in high TA (approx 2km
coverage)
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40. Aggressive power Control
• Actual RSSI from KA21253 (BCCH_BSIC: 13_60 ) is between -75 to -80 dBm.
• Power control decreases power up to -90 to -96 dBm
• Calls on DCS (preferred layer) but with poor RxQual
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41. Mobilink Warid Handover Comparison
MOBILINK
WARID
• Many Handovers
• Far away cells serving
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