4. Special Thanks:
Mr Muhammad Kashan
RF Engineer ( Optimization and
Planning) in LCC Pakistan.
Muhammad.Kashan-lc@telenor.com.pk
4/22/2012 4
5. MAPINFO
• Introduction
o MapInfo Professional is the power of computer
mapping is at your complete disposal.
o You can display your data as points, as
thematically shaded regions, as pie or bar charts,
as districts, etc.
o You can perform geographic operations such as
redistricting, combining and splitting objects, and
buffering. You can also make queries against your
data and access your remote data directly from
MapInfo Professional.
4/22/2012 5
6. MAPINFO
MapInfo Professional is a desktop software
product produced by Pitney Bowes Software,
formerly MapInfo. It is a Geographic
informationsystem or GIS used for mapping
and location analysis. It allows users to
visualize, analyze, interpret, understand and
output data in ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends.
4/22/2012 6
7. MAPINFO
Use of MapInfo in Cellular Communication
To create map of each deployed region.
To have a working road map, for easy route
selection.
To have elaborated details about each cell.
Which provide platform for optimization and error
removal.
To generate a brief summery according to regions.
4/22/2012 7
16. What is TEMS Investigation?
• TEMS Investigation – Complete name.
• TEMS stands for - TEst Mobile System.
• Firstly released by Ericsson.
• In June 2009 it came under ASCOM
proprietary.
• The latest release is 13.01.
• Competitor - Griffin Fast Measurement.
4/22/2012 16
17. Why to use TEMS Investigation?
• As it is a AIR INTERFACE TEST TOOL.
• Used for :
Optimization
Verification
Maintenance
Troubleshooting
• To maintain QoS.
4/22/2012 17
18. Why to use TEMS Investigation? Cont’d
TEMS Investigation is the industry-leading solution
for troubleshooting, verification, optimization,
and maintenance of wireless networks. Designed
for in-vehicle, in-building, and pedestrian-area
testing, TEMS Investigation has powerful,
versatile, features that are essential throughout
the network’s lifecycle. Using TEMS Investigation,
operators can achieve improved voice quality,
increased accessibility, more successful call
attempts, and better service performance.
4/22/2012 18
20. GSM
o Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second
generation cellular standard developed to
cater voice services and data delivery using
digital modulation.
o GSM network consist of different cells and
each cell transmit signals and receive signals
from the multiple mobile stations.
4/22/2012 20
21. 4/22/2012 21
GSM System Architecture
BSC
BSC
MSC
MS
MS
MS BTS
BTS
BTS
GMSC
PSTN
ISDN
PDN
EIR
AUC
HLR
VLR
24. Optimization
o Every alive Network needs to be under continues
control to maintain/improvethe performance.
o Optimization is basically the only way to keep
track of the network by looking deep into
statistics and collecting/analyzingdrive test data.
o It is keeping an eye on its growth and modifying it
for the future capacity enhancements. It also
helps operation and maintenance for
troubleshootingpurposes.
4/22/2012 24
25. 4/22/2012 25
Optimization Process
Output
Soft Parameter Change ->
OMC
Hard Parameter Change ->
Cell Planning
Frequency Change -> OMC Hardware Change -> OAN
BSC / LAC Redimensioning
–BSS_Planning
Optimization
Issue Identification Investigation
Resolution Attempts
*1….n+
Benchmarking *1…n+ Reversion *1…n+
Input
Statistical Reports
Customer
Complaints
Field Drive Tests Probe based Stats
Inter Department
Issues
AlarmLogs
26. Optimization (Cont’d)
SuccessfulOptimization requires:
• Recognition and understandingof common
reasons for call failure
• Capture of RF and digital parameters of the
call prior to drop
• Analysis of call flow, checking messages on
both forward and reverse links to establish
“what happened”,where, and why.
4/22/2012 26
27. Optimization (Cont’d)
Purpose and Scope of Optimization
o The optimization is to intend providing the
best network quality using available spectrum
as efficiently as possible.
o The scope will consist all following:
Finding and correcting any existing problems after
site implementation and integration.
4/22/2012 27
28. Optimization (Cont’d)
Meeting the network quality criteria agreed in the
contract.
Optimization will be continuous and iterative
process of improving overall network quality.
Optimization can not reduce the performance of
the rest of the network.
Area of interest is divided in smaller areas called
clusters to make optimization and follow up
processes easier to handle .
4/22/2012 28
29. Terms to Understand
• MS1 – MS3
• CGI
• GPRS
• Band
• BCCH AFRCN
• TCH AFRCN
• BSIC
• Channel Mode
• Channel Type
• Rx Level
• C/I
• MS Power Control
• TA
• RL Time out
• C1 , C2
4/22/2012 29
30. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• MS1 – MS3
o Supports Up to three Mobile Stations for Data
collection and Route analysis.
o Can be use as :
MS1 – Idle mode
MS2 – Short Call
MS3 – Long Call
o Or Vice versa.
4/22/2012 30
31. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• CGI
o Cell Global Identity
o Each id is unique global wide.
o It consists of: CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI.
MCC - Mobile Country Code 0 – 999. (410 – Pakistan)
MNC - Mobile Network (operator) Code 0 – 99. (06 Telenor)
LAC - Location Area Code 0 ‐65535.
CI - Cell Identity 0 – 65535.
4/22/2012 31
32. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• GPRS
o General packet radio service.
o Sector GPRS enable or not. (Yes / No).
• Band
o Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
• AFRCN
o Allocated/Absolute Radio Frequency Channel.
o Usually Each ARFCN has a bandwidth of 270.833
kbps.
4/22/2012 32
33. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• BCCH
o Broadcast Channel.
• TCH
o Traffic Channel.
• BSIC
o Base Station Identity Code.
o BSIC = NCC ( 0 – 7 ) + BCC ( 0 – 7 ).
4/22/2012 33
34. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• BSIC cont’d
NCC = Network Color Code. It is a 3 bit ( 0 – 7 ) code, used
in GSM to uniquely identify a base station within a
particular geographic area.
BCC = Base Station Color Code. It is also a 3 bit ( 0 – 7 )
code transmitted in the SB ( Synchronization Burst ) of GSM
system.
• Channel Mode
o Mode of coding (e.g. Speech Full Rate or Half Rate).
4/22/2012 34
35. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• Channel Type
o Current channel type
o E.g. BCCH, SDCCH, CBCH, TCH, FACCH and SACCH.
SDCCH – Stand Alone Dedicated Control channel.
CBCH – Cell Broadcast Channel.
FACCH – Fast AssociateControl Channel.
SACCH – Slow AssociateControl Channel.
• Rx Level
o Signal Strength of current Channel ( 120 dBm – 10 dBm )
4/22/2012 35
36. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• C / I
o Carrier to Interference Ratio
• MS Power Control
o Power Control Level ( 0 – 8 ) according to network
design.
• TA
o Timing Advance.
o Base Stain sends advance burst to MS as to compensate
propagation delay .
4/22/2012 36
37. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• RL – Time Out
o Radio Link, radio link counter expressed in SACCH
blocks.
o If it is zero, call is dropped.
• C1 & C2
o Cell path loss parameter and cell selection
parameter in idle mode.
4/22/2012 37
38. Over View of TEMS’s GUI
• Definitions:
1. Time: It is systemtimeof
computer.
2. Cell name: It displays thename
of the sectorwhich is serving
accordingto the cell file that is
loaded in TEMS.
3. CGI : It stands for the Cell
Global Identity which is unique
for every sector of the site. It
consistsof MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
MCC: MobileCountry Code0 –
999 (e.g. 404), MNC: Mobile
NetworkCode0 – 99 (e.g. 98)
LAC : Location AreaCode 0 -
65535 (e.g. 5101)CI: Cell
Identity 0 – 65535 (e.g. 11001)
4/22/2012 38
39. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is
having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No.
• Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile
is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
• BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH
is the mobile station getting served.
• TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call
is going on.
• BSIC : Base Station Identity Code.
• Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile
operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
• Time slot: On which time slot of current
TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of
TRX.
4/22/2012 39
40. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Channel Type: Type of channel
mobile is getting now. Like BCCH /
SDCCH/8 + SACCH/C8 or.
• Channel Mode : Shows mode of
coding like Speech Full Rate of Half
Rate.
• Speech Codec: It shows FR for Full
Rate, HR for Half Rate & EFR for
Enhanced Full Rate.
• Ciphering Algorithm : It shows
ciphering algorithm used by the
system. E.g. Cipher by A5/2.
• Sub Channel Number: It is displayed
at a time when mobile is on dedicated
mode at time of call setup when it is
getting SDCCH at that time it shows
which SDCCH it is getting out of 8
available.
4/22/2012 40
41. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Hopping Channel : It shows that current
sector is having hopping feature or not.
Values are Yes or No.
• Hopping Frequencies : It displays no. of
freq. on which mobile is allowed to hop. viz.
MA List for hopping of that sector.
• MobileAllocation Index Offset (MAIO):
It is the number which tells from which
freq. from given MA list for sector hopping
has to be started. E.g. 0 means sector will
start from first freq. to hop.
• Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) :
Indicates sequence in which frequencies are
allowed to hop from the MA List. 0- 63. 0
for Cyclic Hopping, 1 – 63 random hopping
sequences.
4/22/2012 41
43. Observations during Drive Test
• DT Order and Locating BTS.
Obtain BIC, Azimuth and Tilt of newly installed or
complained BTS.
Now using Map-Info software to locate the BTS.
• On Air the Site ( Newly Installed).
Confirm the azimuth and tilt of antenna.
As it will confirm the coverage area.
Use Map-Info to locate the premises of BTS.
4/22/2012 43
44. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Starting The Drive Test
INTRA CELL
o During DT, observe the intra cell handover.
o DT should be Clock wise and Counter Clock wise.
INTER CELL
o Performs DT to check handover among cells.
o Observe in both Idle and dedicated mode.
o Checking is done of SQI, Rx Level, call establishing , call
dropping up to 9 km of each cell.
4/22/2012 44
45. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Starting The Drive Test
TRX ( Transceiver)
o During DT, observe the intra cell handover.
o DT should be Clock wise and Counter Clock wise.
GPRS
o Either service is enable or disable
o In DT observe the service of operator.
4/22/2012 45
46. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Dropped Calls
There are wide possibilities of call drop, they can
be observed by Call drop analysis.
o Elaborate the drop call ratio, use cell with more
complains.
o Check the causes and factors of call drop in that cell.
o Also check the ratio of fail handovers
4/22/2012 46
47. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• HandoverPerformance
Hand over is a key function in Cellular
communication.
Handover Performance can effect QoS.
Cell stats must be observed for atleast 24 hours.
4/22/2012 47
55. Refrences
• TEMS and logs by Mr Muhammad Kashan.
• RF Optimization Syed Subhan Ali Rizvi.
• TEMS Parameters by Nirav Trivedi.
• Wikipedia.
• MapInfo – Official training manuals
4/22/2012 55
