Lecture at Bay of Plenty Polytechnic for Conservation Issues and Perspectives, October 2010 - a vegan perspective on conservation.

1. A vegan approach to Environmental Management Dr. Michael C. Morris Bay of Plenty Polytechnic

2. Don’t Shoot the Messenger How does the scene from MacBeth show the way we react to news we don’t like? Rachel Carson published silent spring in 1962 The industry reacted by personal attacks. Rachel Carson is an embittered spinster, or a Lesbian (therefore by implication ignorant)

3. The Food and Agriculture Organisation published “livestock’s long shadow” in 2006. Here is Federated Farmers’ intelligent, measured and scientific response “ it must be written by a vegan” (and therefore by implication wrong)

4. So vegans are the Lesbians of the 2000s!

6. Environmental degradation has been blamed on... Population Transport Industrial growth Capitalism Lack of capitalism Communism Lack of communism Government corruption God’s wrath Etc...

7. But what about our “SAD” diet

8. Ecology 101 For every step up the food chain, the amount of resources (land, water, fuel, energy etc.) goes up by a factor of ten So passing food through a cow before eating it is very inefficient

9. Global warming

10. Agriculture is responsible for 50% of global warming in New Zealand. More than any other industry This is caused by methane from cow burps (not farts) and nitrous oxide from animal waste Worldwide, livestock accounts for 18% of all greenhouse gases. More than transport.

11. Rats Rats with wings!!! Locusts with tits!

12. Source: Eshel and Martin 2006

13. Conclusion from Eshel and Martin study A vegan in a SUV has the same effect as a red-blooded American (or Kiwi) meat eater in a Prius

14. Water use 1kg of meat requires 10,000 L of water

15. Photo: David Hamilton, Waikato University

16. Photo David Hamilton

18. Habitat destruction

19. Easter Island Christchurch and the Canterbury Plains

20. Photo: Nzescape.com

21. Illegal Amazonian Deforestation for Soybean production

23. Photo: Gilbert van Reenan Kahikatea forest

24. Hauraki Plains Photo: Environment Waikato

25. Some facts Land clearance for farms is a leading cause of sediment build up and coral reef destruction Land clearance for meat is the leading cause of Amazonian deforestation Almost all of New Zealand’s lowland Kahikatea forest has gone New Zealand is a biodiversity “hotspot” Import of Palm kernel is contributing to rain forest destruction in Borneo

26. Water pollution

29. Some figures 90% of Waikato streams are too polluted to swim in Farming in the Waikato contributes more to stream pollution than the Hamilton and Ngarawahia sewage works A piggery of 16,000 pigs produces as much untreated sewage as a city of 23,000 Reid’s piggery in Carterton and the Kuku Beach Road piggery have been convicted for pumping raw sewage into the rivers

30. Fertiliser supply

31. Fertiliser ship unloading in Tauranga Photo: Western Sahara Watch

32. Photo: Republic of Nauru

33. Some Facts New Zealand fertiliser use has doubled in the last 10 years Most of this finds its way into streams Nauru’s fishery has been totally destroyed by phosphate mining Present phosphate in New Zealand comes from disputed territory in the Western Sahara

34. Human rights Livestock agriculture cannot feed the world Source: Bender, W.H. 1997. How much food will we need in the 21st Century? Environment. 39 : 6-11, 27-28. 1 The actual world population in 1990 was 5.3 billion. Population that could be fed if everyone shared the dietary preferences and food system efficiencies of:

35. Population that could be fed if everyone shared the dietary preferences and food system efficiencies of: Source: Bender, W.H. 1997. How much food will we need in the 21st Century? Environment. 39 : 6-11, 27-28. 1 The actual world population in 1990 was 5.3 billion. USA 2.3 billion New Zealand 3 billion Europe 4.1 billion Japan 6.1 billion Bangladesh 10.9 billion Subsistence only 15 billion

37. There are 90 million broiler chickens in New Zealand. Antibiotics are imported by the truck load to prevent these very sick individuals from dying before we are ready to kill them The source of the swine flu epidemic has been traced to a factory piggery in Mexico Bird flu outbreaks start in factory farms

38. Animal Welfare

39. Layer hens Photo: Wellington Animal Rights Network

41. Broiler chickens (NZ) Photo: Auckland Animal Action

43. Pigs

47. Vivisection

48. Some myths about meat Myth 1: Human canines show humans are designed to eat meat The truth: Have a look at the skulls in the next slides

49. Baboons and Mandrills

50. Chimpanzee

51. Gorilla

52. Biggest Canine Joke in the Animal Kingdom! Homo Sapiens

53. Myth 2: Meat is necessary for protein The truth: Have a look at the protein tables below

54. Protein composition and price of eggs and various plant sources. Food composition data comes from the New Zealand Food Composition Tables, 6th Edition (Ministry of Health/Crop and Food Research, 2003). Price data comes from Woolworths online (www.woolworths.co.nz, accessed 23 June 2006). Food source Protein in 100g Cost (NZD) Cost per 100g protein Egg, whole, raw 12.0g $7.36 (battery eggs, size 7, 30 pack (approx. 1.470kg)) $4.17 Peas, frozen 5.4g $2.00/kg (Watties) $3.70 Sunflower seeds, kernel, dried 22.8g $7.90/kg $3.47 Cheese, Edam 26.7g $8.10/kg (Basics brand) $3.03 Peanuts, raw 24.3g $6.90/kg $2.84 Rolled oats, raw 13.5g $3.82/1.8kg (Basics brand) $1.57

55. Myth 3: Meat eating is what gave humans their brain power The truth: Genetic studies show human brain power is more to do with the ability to digest starch. There are several copies of the amylase gene in humans.

56. Myth 4: God wants us to eat meat. The truth: Adam and Eve and all the animals were vegan before the fall. Gen. 1:29

57. Other rationalisations Our ancestors ate meat Response. Our ancestors also lived in caves, spoke in grunts, had poor hygiene and did not own cell phones. Most of us have moved on since then.

58. Meat tastes nice. Response: Since when has pleasure been a basis for moral decision making. Maybe children taste nice too!

59. Animal eat other animals Response. Most animals don’t eat other animals. And why should we base our morality on the few that do.

60. Conclusion – something to think about Can you be an environmentalist and continue to... Drive a SUV Chop down trees Pour pollutants into streams Take food from the poor Or Eat high on the food chain