5- Many Peoples: 3rd Century Asian Traveler to America-Shan Hai Jing
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The document discusses evidence that supports the idea that ancient Chinese explorers visited North America between 2600 BC and 500 AD, including: - Chinese legends describing voyages to "Fu Sang", believed to be North America. - References to these voyages and maps of Fu Sang in ancient Chinese texts like the Shan Hai Jing. - DNA evidence showing the presence of a "Chinese" haplotype in indigenous American populations. - Cultural similarities between ancient Chinese and American civilizations that could result from contact, like altered skull shapes among elites and shared agricultural practices.
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5- Many Peoples: 3rd Century Asian Traveler to America-Shan Hai Jing
- 1. Evidence for Asiatic Exploration of America 2,600 BC to 500 AD Ancient Artifact Preservation Society (AAPS) By Karl Hoenke Holiday Inn, Marquette, MI 25 October 2008
- 3. Two Resources Documenting Ancient Chinese Explorations in America PALE INK (1953) describes four journeys of exploration by Chinese sent to North America ASIATIC FATHERS (1973) introduces the maps those explorers made and the 39 volume Shan Hai Jing used in Chinese schools for over 2,000 years.
- 9. RETURN???? To FU SANG FU SANG Proposed Routes to & from Fu Sang 2,500 BC to 900 AD Pt Hueneme SE China
- 11. Harris Map Dated to 1300s Based on much earlier Shan Hai Jing map
- 12. Land of Beginning = Alaska? Measuring Skies Mt = Denali? Bright Chasm Mts = Grand Canyon ? Sweet Lake & Sweet Mts = Tahoe? Land of Women = Matriarchal Hopi? Gulf of Mexico Interpretations of Fu Sang Map Place Names Entrance Country = SF Bay? China—”Center of the World” Korea Japan Perimeter of Surrounding Ocean Hairy People Country = Alaska (Eskimos in furs?)
- 13. 4 journeys of Astronomer Yu & Prince Y, Shan Hai Jing (~2,240 B.C.) Approximate Routes of Land Explorations Hui Shan (458-499 A.D.)
- 14. Washington Oregon California Nevada Interpretation of “ SIERRA EAST ” Route Landmarks From Shan Hai Jing Sea to North (Puget Sound) & White-Headed Bird (Bald Eagle) Big-Headed Carp (Salmon) Marsh Precious Stones (Opal) Trees with Red Veins (Manzanita)
- 15. Haplotype B Frequencies lower higher B from Coastal China source region (Haplotype B is not present among Siberian peoples)
- 16. Polynesian-Hawaiian Linkage A C D B X B X B B B X X
- 19. DISCUSSION?
- 20. Haplotype Pathways A C D B X B X X B B X
- 24. China—”Center of the World” Korea Japan Perimeter of Surrounding Ocean Tree in interior Fu Sang = Corn? Fu Sang Mountains Endless Blue Water = Atlantic Ocean? Korea
- 26. Tang Dynasty Jade (618-907 AD) Or…... American Bison? Water Buffalo?
Editor's Notes
- Pale Ink was written by Henrietta Mertz in 1938 The Asiatic Fathers of America was written by Hendon Harris in 1975 Note that the Emperor sent an expedition to Fu Sang (America) in 2,200 BC, which means he KNEW Fu Sang was there. That implies journeys to and from America had already been made 4,200 years ago! The Shan Hai Jing documented the four expeditions, in addition to other exploration, in a 39 volume “world encyclopedia” used in Chinese schools for 2,000 years. The world maps described by Harris are different from today’s maps in that they were records of landmarks, not detailed topographies. So, i.e., traveling from here to there, you expect to see a snow-covered mountain, a stream running north, red-veined trees, and an island in a lake. If you don’t see these things, you’re off track.
- While no one of these elements is considered decisive, with the possible exception of DNA, a large accumulation of data across many elements creates a “weight of evidence” which can be difficult to deny.
- Fu Sang is the “Land to the East” 1 st Emperor Hwang-Ti (2,600 BC) sent astronomers Hsi & Ho to Fu Sang to “observe the rising sun” Reminder: When the Shan Hai Jing reports that the earlier Hsi and Ho and present Yu and Y were sent to Fu Sang , it means the Chinese knew Fu Sang was there. This implies successful back-and-forth communication. Astronomer Yu & Prince Y were sent to Fu Sang 2,200 BC Yu & Y compiled Shan Hai Jing to report their journey It describes 10 areas in Americas, in addition to 4 north-to-south surveys Fu Sang is 10,000 li (3,300 miles) wide, bounded on it’s eastern side by “endless blue water” Shan Hai Jing cited in Shang Dynasty (1831-1134 BC), 479 BC, Han Dynasty (202 BC-9 AD), 89 AD, 265 AD – etc. as standard textbook in schools That the Shan Hai Jing was used in teaching for nearly 3,000 years implies continued successful back-and-forth communication Gen. Hu Tsung Tan was sent to a tribe 10,000 sea miles away; 939 AD (may coincide w/taking of Tula Chichen Itza?) The Shanhaijing has 18 chapters ( 巻 ). Chapter 4 has 12 subsections ( 次一 ), 2 and 4 have four, and chapters 1 and 3 have three. Chapter Chinese Pinyin Translation 1 南山經 Nanshan jing Classic of the Mountains: South 2 西山經 Xishan jing Classic of the Mountains: West 3 北山經 Beishan jing Classic of the Mountains: North 4 東山經 Dongshan jing Classic of the Mountains: East 5 中山經 Zhongshan jing Classic of the Mountains: Central 6 海外南經 Haiwainan jing Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: South 7 海外西經 Haiwaixi jing Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: West 8 海外北經 Haiwaibei jing Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: North 9 海外東經 Haiwaidong jing Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: East 10 海內南經 Haineinan jing Classic of Regions Within the Seas: South 11 海內西經 Haineixi jing Classic of Regions Within the Seas: West 12 海內北經 Haineibei jing Classic of Regions Within the Seas: North 13 海內東經 Haineidong jing Classic of Regions Within the Seas: East 14 大荒東經 Dahuangdong jing Classic of the Great Wilderness: East 15 大荒南經 Dahuangnan jing Classic of the Great Wilderness: South 16 大荒西經 Dahuangxi jing Classic of the Great Wilderness: West 17 大荒北經 Dahuangbei jing Classic of the Great Wilderness: North 18 海內經 Hainei jing Classic of Regions Within the Seas
- Fu Sang is the “Land to the East” , approximately 20,000 li to the east (~6,430 miles vs actual 6,600 miles) The effort to proselytize Buddhism was documented by: Li Yen Shau (early 7 th c) Ma Twan Lin’s account ( Kuen 327 ) published in 1321 AD Hui Shan is believed to have spent much time with the Maya; some researchers believe he helped them develop their extraordinary calendar Hui Shan brought unique gifts to the Emperor: Concave obsidian mirror a foot in diameter 300 lb of Mayan cloth Unburnable cloth of “fire rats” (asbestos?) Hui Shan also updated the Shan Hai Jing, adding new information from his 25 year journey, and redrawing the maps
- The Japan Current which runs just south of the Aleutians and Gulf of Alaska, and then southward along the West Coast is a known pathway for disabled Asian fishing boats and for debris from ships that sink. Note that it would direct explorers to Point Hueneme on the California coast. The ancient records do not define the return route. The one suggested follows the North Equatorial Current from California to China. Note that it passes directly by Hawaii. Could this have been a means of populating Hawaii, instead of the generally accepted route from Tahiti? The Kuroshio ( Japanese for "Black Tide") is a strong western boundary current in the western north Pacific Ocean . It begins off the east coast of Taiwan and flows northeastward past Japan , where it merges with the easterly drift of the North Pacific Current . It is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean , transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region . It's also sometimes known as the Black Stream —the English translation of kuroshio , and an allusion to the deep blue of its water—and also as the Japan Current . Its counterparts are the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, and the North Equatorial Current to the south.
- Oldest from Ming Dynasty (ruled 1368-1644 AD) All presumed to be copies of much earlier Shan Hai Jing map(s) Several maps give planet circumferance of 84,000 li = ~27,000 miles (vs 24,901 miles accepted today) Used lat/long grids very early; can be seen overlain on 1137 AD series of stone maps Correctly place Korea, Japan, Gulf of Mexico, Land of Women (who married men of Snake Clan = They married “Snakes”), etc etc
- The explorers reported the Bald Eagle and salmon and redwoods, all novel to them They left a cache of sandals They described geography which is readily matched to outstanding locations
- No question Polynesians left from SE China coast ~6,000 years ago Key haplotype B markers do not appear in Micronesia and Melanesia, thus contradicting pathway shown to Hawaii. Genetics suggest Polynesians came from NW American coast. Key markers are found in Kwakiutl, Haida, and Tlinkit people along British Columbia coastal islands. Much better fit with timing, ocean currents, cultural similarities & legends Consistent with Emperor Hwang-Ti knowing Fu Sang was there Chapter 6 of the Shan Hai Jing is 海外南經 (Haiwainan jing) or “Classic of Regions Beyond the Seas: South”
- Clearly, many avenues are indicated for future research to prove or disprove these claims. A key contributing factor to these hypotheses is the coincidence of timing. So-and-so shows up, writes about it, and soon thereafter new cultural elements appear among the visited peoples. The “ Great Luminous Canyon ” is often cited in Chinese sources as the place where celestial observations are, or must be, made. Scholars have searched without success in China for appropriate sites. Grand Canyon in the American Southwest is unique, and fits the descriptions.
- Haplotype A was from the first wave of peoples reaching Americas (18-30,000 years ago) Haplotypes C & D came much more recently Haplotype B does not appear on either side of the Bering Strait, where one would expect to see markers from people migrating through. Haplotype B arrived during the glacial period, thus confirming maritime skills of ancient peoples. The proposed path for Haplotype X here is not consistent with other evidence linking European types with U.S. east coast.
- While no one of these elements is considered decisive, with the possible exception of DNA, a large accumulation of data across many elements creates a “weight of evidence” which can be difficult to deny.
- While no one of these elements is considered decisive, with the possible exception of DNA, a large accumulation of data across many elements creates a “weight of evidence” which can be difficult to deny.
- Chinese had the compass by 2,600 BC Chinese skilled celestial observers, navigators
- While no one of these elements is considered decisive, with the possible exception of DNA, a large accumulation of data across many elements creates a “weight of evidence” which can be difficult to deny.